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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Handedness |
one side tends to be more dominant (ex. if your R handed then your L hemisphere has more control of your motor control) |
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Two different views on the general differences between the hemispheres |
-specialized, independent functions (2 halves of brains are pretty well specialized so it divides the function; ex. R hemisphere will do this stuff & L will do this stuff) -some specialization, but much redundancy as well (there is some degree of specialization; ex. R hemisphere is better than L hemisphere but L hemisphere can still do it) |
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What is wada test used for and also describe. What did it reveal? |
-used for laterality of language -often done before elective surgeries for treatment of disorders such as epilepsy -patient is given injection of amobarbital into the carotid artery causing rapid/brief anesthesia to the hemisp. it was distributed in; then patient is given series of tests related to language & memory -consistently revealed strong bias for language lateralization to the L hemisp. but some parts of R hemisp. are also activated meaning functional laterlaization of language exists |
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Split Brain Patients had what cut? What did we learn? (3) |
-corpus collosom cut -laterlization of visual input used -R hemisp. better at tasks w/ spatial info -L hemisp. can't connect with R hemisp. |
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Why are cortical disconnections performed for split-brain patients? What did it show us? (2) What was the problem? |
-used to treat epilepsy & has been very effective Results: -patients show no obvious cognitive deficits -allows us to study each hemisp. in isolation Problems: -patients weren't "normal" beforehand |
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What are some challenges in studying split brain patients? (3) |
-Lateralization of visual input used (contralateral system is in visual: info in L view goes to R hemisp.) -Brief presentation or image stabilization -Responses must be adjusted to account for known hemispheric differences (language) |
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Describe the Spatial reasoning task and it's results. |
Patient given card w/ picture of shape on it & they have to make shape with blocks. They must do this task w/ both hands (R hand meant they were using L hemisp. & L hand meant they were using R hemisp.) Results: patients were worse w/ their R hand (L hemisp.) than with their L hand (R hemisp.), meaning the R hemisp. is better at spatial reasoning |
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Hemispheric Communication what part of brain connects hemispheres? name 3 different connections. |
-corpus callosum connects hemisp. three connections: -homotopic: connect corresponding sections of the 2 hemisp. (exact same place on other side) -heterotopic: link diff. areas of the 2 hemisp. -ipsilateral: same region of hemisp. |
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Describe partial/two stage procedure in corpus callosom surgeries What happens if anterior (front) is cut & what happens if posterior (back) is cut? |
surgeons will do the split surgery in 2 stages: 1st) cut only half of corpus callosum (front or back) 2nd) the rest is cut only if seizures still occur anterior cut=higher order transfer of semantic info posterior cut=transfer of visual, tactile, auditory sensory info is severely disrupted |
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Describe lateralized functions in language. (what is L hemisp. & R hemisp. do) |
-L hemisp. dominant for language production -However, R hemisp. may have lexical info (dictionary of all words we know) but lacks grammar (rules of putting together words to make thoughts) -Grammar more localized to L hemisp, while lexicon is more distributed |
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Describe emotional prosody & what hemisp. does it occur in? |
emotional prosody: tone when somebody says something (allows us to pick up on sarcasm or their state ex. sad) occurs in R hemisp. |
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Which hemisphere is generally better at Visuospatial Processing & face perception? |
R hemisph., though not consistent R hemisph. better at face perceptioin, unfamiliar faces (no where near as strong as language. L hemisp. can definitely do it, but R hemisp. is much better) |
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What happens with Spatial Attention when the Corpus Callosum is cut? |
-blocks transfer of visual perceptual info about objects (Spatial Attention seems not to be lateralized) |
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Describe unilateral brain damage. What kind of evidence do Unilateral Lesions tell us? |
-brain damage to a structure on one side produces a deficit -damage to same region on the other side produces no such deficit -double dissociation (ex. L hemis language vs R hemis spatial) |
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Explain Hierarchical Stimuli & Global vs. Local levels Which hemisphere is better at each? |
model task for studying hierarchical structure which involved showing a picture of letters using other letters global: the big letter local: the little letters making up the big one LH better at local & RH better at global (person w/ LH damage only picks up on local levels) |
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Describe Dichotic Listening & what it is used for? |
-2 competing messages are presented at the same time, one to each ear, & the subject tries to report both messages -Used to compare hemispheric specialization in auditory perception |
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What are some problems with laterality research? (3) |
-effects often small & inconsistent -publication bias for studies finding effects -interpretation problems |
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Describe the differences between the hemisp. in processing style. |
-LH: analytical & sequential (logical reasoning & following logical order of sequence) -RH: holistic & parallel (explicable only by reference to the whole) |
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Spatial Frequency Hypothesis |
-LH is more sensitive to higher spatial frequencies -RH is more sensitive to lower spatial frequencies (think about global vs level levels & it explains why RH sees the big letter & vice versa) |
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Prototype vs. exemplar which hemisp. do each take place in? |
-LH may store prototypes (category) -RH may store exemplars (specific, metric variations) |
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Right Brain Left Brain Summary |
-L is dominant for langugae (strongly lateral) -Spatial abilities are less strong (R is a little better) -2 hemisp. are largely redundant; mostly do the same thing -potential reasons for these differences has to do w/ the style of hemis (L is better at high freq. & R is better at low freq.) |
