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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Excitatory neurons causes a movement of ions that results in DEPOLARIZATION of the postsynaptic membrane. An example of this excitatory pathway is given by: |
Achetylcholine |
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Stimulation of inhibitory neurons causes movement of ions that results in a HYPERPOLARIZATION of the post synaptic membrane. An example of this inhibitory pathway is given by: |
GABA causes the chloride ion channel to open which hyperpolarizes (more - ) the cell making it more difficult to depolarize and therefore reduces neural excitability |
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What are the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease |
tremors, muscle rigidity, slow movement and coordination postural and gait abnormalities |
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Parkinson's Disease is associated with |
the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substancia nigra, which is the source of dopaminergic neurons that terminate in the neostriatum which is responsible for muscle control. |
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What happens when dopaminergic neurons are lost? |
the loss of the inhibitory effect of dopamine results in a production of more acetylcholine which triggers a chain of abnormal signaling leading to impaired mobility |
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This drug is adequate for relief of symptoms while present in the body early in the parkinson's disease. |
Levodopa (L-Dopa) |
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This Parkinson's drug has a wear off effect from 3rd year onwards. |
Levodopa |
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Pt with parkinson's has been suffering from anorexia, tachycardia, mydriasis, visual and auditory hallucinations Blood dyscrasias with positive Coomb's reaction and has become very grumpy.....what drug do you think he's taking? |
Levodopa |
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Pt that takes levodopa, is having a hypertensive crisis, it is posible that he took a contraindicated drug and an enhanced production of catecholamine happened. this drug is: |
Phenelzine a MAO A inhibitor |
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Pt is psychotic and has glaucoma, what parkinson's drug he should NOT use |
Levodopa can promote a psychotic crisis thru buildup of central amines can increase IOP |
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This parkinson's drug is a metabolic precursor of dopamine |
Levodopa it enhances the synthesis of dopamine in the surviving neurons of the substancia nigra. |
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Levodopa has to be taken with a full or empty stomach? |
Empty, and is absorbed by the small intestine |
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The CNS effects of Levodopa are greatly enhanced by coadministering .... |
Carbidopa , it maximizes the absorption of dopamine so you have to use less levodopa |
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This Parkinson's disease drug is a selective MAO B inhibitor |
Deprenyl- it decreases the metabolism of dopamine thus increasing its levels in the brain |
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These parkinson drugs reduce the symptoms of the "wear off" phenomenon |
Catechol-o-methyl transferase inhibitors Entecapone Tolacapone |
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This parkinson drugs, decrease the concentration of COMT thus increasing the central uptake of dopamine increasing the dopamine concentration in the brain |
Entecapone Tolacapone COMT inhibitors |
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COMT inhibitors side effects: |
Sleep disorder postural hypotension dyskinesia- impairment of voluntary movement hallucinations gi distress |
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Dopamine receptor agonists divide into 2 types: |
Ergot type Non Ergot type |
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In this Dopamine receptor agonist, dyskinesia is less prominent but hallucinations, confusion, delirium, nausea and orthostatic hypotension are more common |
Bromocriptine (ergot type) |
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What two parkinson drugs can worsen a mental condition? |
Levodopa Bromocriptine |
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This Ergot type produces little or no effect in pts who don't react to levodopa |
Bromocriptine |
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This type of parkinson's drugs have a longer action than Levodopa |
Non ergot dopamine receptor agonists |
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Agents that can delay the use of Levodopa in early disease, and decrease the dose of Levodopa in advanced disease |
Non Ergot type: Paramipexole Ropinirole Rotigotine Apomorphine |
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Viral drug that can enhance the synthesis, release or re-uptake of dopamine surviving neurons |
Amantadine |
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First step in treatment for Parkinson's is still ....... because the ergot type has more side effects |
Levodopa + Carbidopa |
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How do antimuscarinic agents work? (Parkinson drugs) |
they block muscarinic transmission to produce an imbalance in dopamine/acetylcholine ratio to increase the dopaminergic transmission. |
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Name the Antimuscarinic agents (2): parkinson drugs |
Benztropin Biperiden |
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Anti muscarinic side effects include: (parkinson drugs) |
Pupillary dilation confusion hallucination sinus tachycardia urinary retention constipation dry mouth similar to the effects of high doses of atropine. |
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PT comes in and has glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia and pyloric stenosis. Which parkinson drug type is contraindicated for this person? |
Antimuscarinic agents: Benztropin Biperidin |
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Alzheimers disease is a neurodegenerative disorder manifested by... |
the loss of cholinergic cortical neurons. • accumulation of senile plaques • formation of neurofibrillary tangles • loss of cortical neurons (cholinergic) |
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Alzheimer's drugs Name the acetylcholionesterase inhibitors (4): |
Galantamine Donazepil Rivastigmine Tacrine |
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Alzheimer's drugs Of the Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors this one is associated with hepotoxicity |
Tacrine |
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Alzheimer's drugs Only drug said to be "neuroprotective" |
NMDA (N-methyl-D aspartate antagonist) Memantine keeps viable some of the neurons but doesnt stop the process of the disease |
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Memantine is given in combination with? Alzheimer's drugs |
Acetylcholinasterase inhibitors |
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Pt complains of severe muscle spams, you determine he has Lou Gherig's Disease. Which drug does he need? |
Riluzole - improves survival time and delay the need for ventilator support glutamate, sodium and calcium channel blocker |
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What is Lou Gherig's Disease? |
Amyotropic lateral sclerosis A neurodegenerative disease that leads to the atrophy of muscle fibers |
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Lateral sclerosis refers to... |
Hardening of the anterior columns of the spinal cord as the motor neurons degenerate and are replaced by fibrous astrocytes. |
