Cns 3

Front 1

Cortex

Back 1

Superficial gray matter responsible for complex thought and sensory perception

Front 2

Nucleus of thalamus

Back 2

Responsible for selective attention, focusing perception on important stimuli

Front 3

Pineal gland

Back 3

Located on posterior aspect of thalamus. Responsible for generation of circadian rhythms. Releases melatonin

Front 4

Medial and lateral geniculate body

Back 4

Carry audition and visual information through the thalamus

Front 5

Ventral/lateral aspect of thalamus

Back 5

Receive information from the skin, relay nucleus for all sensations to the cerebral cortex. Doesn't send all information, only important stimuli

Front 6

Components of the brainstem

Back 6

Midbrain, pons, cerebellum

Front 7

Mamillary bodies

Back 7

Contain smell memory

Front 8

Cerebrla peduncles

Back 8

Axons that conduct nerve impulses from motor areas to the spinal cord, medulla and pons. Contralateral. Part of the midbrain.

Front 9

Pons

Back 9

Relay nuclei from the cortex to the cerebellum.

Front 10

Pyrimidal decussation

Back 10

Crossing over of pyramids, inferior to cerebral peduncles. Occurs at medulla. Allows for contralateral muscle innervation.

Front 11

superior colliculus

Back 11

Visual relay center, responsible for reflexive response to visual stimulus

Front 12

Inferior colliculus

Back 12

Auditory relay centre, responsible for reflexive response to auditory stimulus

Front 13

Lateral geniculate body

Back 13

Primary relay center for visual information received in the retina to the primary visual cortex.

Front 14

Medial bulge of medulla

Back 14

Carries information form the lower limb

Front 15

Lateral bulge of medulla

Back 15

Carries information from upper limb

Front 16

Cranial nerves of brainstem

Back 16

CN3-CN12

Numbered by order at which they come out of the brainstem

Front 17

CN7

Back 17

Trigeminal nerve, responsible for carrying sensory information from face

Has 3 divisions: opthalamic, maxillary, mandibillar

Responsible for chewing

Front 18

CN 2

Back 18

Optic nerve, responsible for carrying visual information from the eyes

Front 19

CN 1

Back 19

Olfactory tract, responsible for the conduction of smell information to the brain

Front 20

CN 10

Back 20

Vagus nerve, carries motor information to the larynx and parasympathetic information to the internal organs

Front 21

Reticular formation

Back 21

Neural networks throughout the brainstem involved in filtering incoming stimuli, keeping us alert to important stimuli, breathing, and sleep-wake cycle.

Front 22

Striatum

Back 22

Part of the forebrain, receives information from cerebral cortex, primary input into the basal ganglia. Dopamine facilitates flow of information through the striatum

Front 23

Red nucleus

Back 23

Structure in the midbrain involved in motor coordination, rich in blood supply. Responsible for automatically controlling flexion movements

Front 24

Products of reticular formation activation

Back 24

1) ACh and adrenaline release in the cortex

2) Release of endogenous opioids in the body to control pain

Front 25

Propreoception

Back 25

The sense of the relative position of various body parts, strength of effort being employed in movement. Achieved through output of cerebellum

Front 26

Movement coordination steps

Back 26

1) frontal cortex notifies cerebellum it intends to make a movement

2) Proprioceptors in muscles and tendons, visual input and vestibular input inform cerebellum about position of body and limbs

3) cerebellum takes all of this information and coordinates the best way to make a movement

4) deep cerebellar nuclei send a blueprint to the cortex to initiate a coordinated movement, and to the spinal cord to maintain posture and balance

Front 27

Vestibulocerebellum

Back 27

Interior and deep portion of cerebellum, responsible for control of axial skeleton, maintenance balance, eye movements

Front 28

Spinocerebellum

Back 28

Superior aspect of cerebellum, responsible for regulation of muscle tone, coordination of limb movement

Front 29

Cerebrocerebellum

Back 29

Medial/inferior portion of cerebellum, responsible for the planning and modulation of voluntary activity as well as the storage of procedural memories

Front 30

Ataxia

Back 30

Disease of the medial cerebellum resulting in lack of voluntary muscle coordination.

Front 31

Intention tremor

Back 31

a disease affecting one side of the lateral cerebellum, will have trouble moving limbs on the ipsilateral side