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345 Cards in this Set
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Subcutaneous Tissue
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lowest layer of skin, fatty tissue
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Adult Day Care
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care given at a facility during day time hours
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Activities of Daily Living (ADL's)
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personal daily care tasks
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Acute
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Current illness that has severe symptoms and maybe as a result of sudden onset
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Administrator
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manages all departments in the facility
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Activity Director
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plans activities for the residents
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Advanced Practice Nurse
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An RN who has education beyond the basic nursing education
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ie: neonatal nurse
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Assisted Living
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facility caring for residents who need limited assistance, but do not require skilled care
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Call Light
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a means to communicate with staff a need for assistance
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Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA)
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an individual who has completed the state approved course and successfully completed certification testing. a CNA provides direct care
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Chain of command
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line of authority in the facility which addresses to whom each employee/ department reports
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Chronic
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a disease or condition that is long term or will be long lasting
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Clichés
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phrases that are difficult for the resident to understand
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ie: everything will be okay
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Communication
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process of exchanging information with others
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Cultural Differences
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beliefs, values, habits, diet, & health practices that relate to a person's culture or religion
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Cultural Diversity
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the variety of people living and working together in a facility
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Culture
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behaviors people learn from the people they are surrounded by
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Culture Change
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a philosophy that focuses on providing person-centered care to residents & creating a positive work environment for healthcare workers
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Denial
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rejection of a thought or feeling
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Dependent
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requires staff assistance to carry out ADL'S
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Dietician
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plans menus, special diets & monitors nutritional needs of the resident
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Displacement
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transferring a strong negative feeling to something or someone else
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
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law that requires health information to be kept secure and private
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confidentiality
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Home Health Care
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care provided in a person's home
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Hospice Care
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care provided for individuals who have an estimated 6 months or less to live.
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Housekeeping Department
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responsible to maintain the facility in a clean and sanitary manner
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Independent
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able to carry out ADL'S without staff assistance
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Interdisciplinary Team
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staff from each area within the nursing facility who meet to discuss and plan the care of the resident
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Laundry Department
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cleans the facility's linens and the residents' personal clothing
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Licensed Practical Nurse ( LPN)
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a licensed professional who has completed 1-2 years of education and completed an exam for licensure
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Long Term Care
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care for those who require 24 hour care and assistance
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AKA extended care
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Maintenance Department
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maintains facility and grounds in good repair
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Medical Director
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physician who provides oversight to the nursing staff regarding care provided to the residents
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Medical Doctor (MD)
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physician
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Non-Verbal Communication
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communication without using words
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facial expression, tone of voice, gestures, body language, etc.
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Objective Information
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information based on what is seen, heard, touched, or smelled; a direct observation
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Occupational Therapist
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therapy that works with upper extremities, fine motor tasks
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buttoning shirt, tying shoes, etc
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Ombudsman
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resident advocate who investigates complaints and assists to come to an agreement between parties, often defending the rights of residents
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third party
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Optometrist
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provides eye care for the residents
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Palliative Care
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focuses on the comfort and dignity of the person rather than curing him/her
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hospice care; pampering resident
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Person-Centered Care
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a philosophical approach to nursing home care that honors and respects the voice of elders and those working closest with them. involves listening, trying new things, seeing how they work, & changing things in an effort to individualize care
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Physical Therapy
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works on lower extremities, walking, balance, etc. may help a resident to safely use a walker, cane, or wheelchair
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Podiatrist
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a physician who examines and cares for resident's feet
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Policy
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a course of action determined by the facility that should be taken every time a certain situation occurs
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Procedure
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the steps taken to carry out a task; a particular way of doing something
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Professionalism
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how a person behaves when on the job
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Projection
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seeing feelings in others that are really one's own
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Qualified Medication Aide (QMA)
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A CNA who can administer medications and certain treatments
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Rationalization
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making excuses to justify a situation
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Registered Dietician (RD)
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creates special diets for residents with specific needs and plans menus to ensure residents' nutritional needs are met
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Registered Nurse (RN)
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a licensed professional who has completed 2-4 years of nursing education and has completed the examination for licensure
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Regression
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going back to an old immature behavior
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regress, opposite of progress
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Repression
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blocking painful thoughts or feelings from the mind
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Respiratory Therapist
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provides breathing treatments and special equipment for respiratory conditions
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Scope of Practice
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the tasks for which a nurse aide is trained, allowed to do.
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Skilled Care
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medically necessary care given by a nurse or therapist
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Slang
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terms/words used by a specific generation, not easily recognized by the resident
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ie: swag, yolo, sup, ditto, etc
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Social Worker (SW)
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helps residents with psychosocial needs
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Speech Therapist (ST) or Speech Language Pathologist (PLT)
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helps residents with speech and swallowing problems
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Standard 14
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Indiana specific policy that a nurse aide will perform only the tasks in the course standards
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Subjective Information
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Information that could not be seen or was not observed, based on what a person thinks; may or may not be true
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ie: my head hurts
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Terminal Illness
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a disease or condition that will eventually cause death
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Verbal Communication
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written or spoken messages
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Abuse
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willful infliction of injury, unreasonable confinement, intimidation, or punishment with result of physical harm, pain, or mental anguish
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Confidentiality
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maintaining information as private, (written or spoken words)
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Consensual
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the nature of the aide/resident relationship is based on trust and dependence and may be easily manipulated by the CNA
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Informed Consent
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a person, after having been informed of possible negative outcomes, makes informed decisions about their healthcare
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Involuntary Seclusion
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confinement against residents' will
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Misappropriation
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stealing
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Neglect
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failure to provide help or care when needed
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OBRA (Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act)
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law passed by federal government establishing minimum standards for nursing home care and for nursing assistant training
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Privacy
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free of being observed or disturbed by other people
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Resident Rights
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rights identified by OBRA relative to residents in long term care facilities, informs residents and others of the residents rights within the facility
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Restraints
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to physically restrict voluntary movement or use chemicals to revise/restrict resident behavior
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Airborne Precautions
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used to diseases that are transmitted through the air after expelled
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Blood borne Pathogens
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microorganisms in human blood that can cause infection and disease in humans
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Body Fluids
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saliva, sputum, feces, semen,vaginal secretions, & pus or other wound drainage
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Causative Agent
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a pathogen that causes a disease
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Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
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federal government agency that issues guidelines relative to protection and manners to improve health
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Chain of Infection
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an illustration to describe how a disease is transmitted from one source to another
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Contact Precautions
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used when there is risk for transmitting or contracting a microorganism from touching an infected object or person
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Direct Contact
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touching an infected person or his/her secretions
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Disinfection
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chemicals used to decrease the spread of pathogens by destroying them
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Droplet Precautions
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used when the disease causing microorganism does not stay airborne and only travels short distance after being expelled
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comes out when you cough, sneeze, etc
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Hand Hygiene
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hand washing with soap and water or using an alcohol based hand rub
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Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI)
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infection acquired in a hospital or other healthcare setting
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Indirect Contact
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transmission of a disease without physical contact
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Infection Control
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methods used to control and prevent the spread of tiny living things that are always present in the environment, however are not visible to the naked eye
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Isolation
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measure taken to isolate the potentially harmful microorganism and prevent spread to other residents
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Localized Infection
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an infection contained to a specific body part
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Mode of Transmission
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how the pathogen travels from one person to another
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Nosocomial infection
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infection acquired in a hospital or other healthcare setting
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AKA Healthcare Associated Infection
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Pathogen
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harmful microorganism; the causative agent
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
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barrier between a person and a potentially harmful microorganism
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Portal of Entry
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the way pathogens enter the body
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ie: mouth, nose, skin breaks, urinary tract, anus
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Portal of Exit
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the way pathogens leave the body
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ie: urine, feces, saliva, tears, drainage from wounds, sores, blood, excretion from respiratory tract or genitals
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Reservoir
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where pathogens live and mutiply
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Standard Precautions
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treating all blood, body fluids, non-intact skin and mucous membranes as if they are infected
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Sterilization
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destroys ALL microorganisms, not just pathogens
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Susceptible Host
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the person who could be infected
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Systemic Infection
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infection that occurs when pathogens enter bloodstream and move throughout the body
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Transmission Based Precautions
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special precautions implemented on the basis of how the disease spreads
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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
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a disease of the human immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). it interferes with the immune system making those who have it more likely to get sick
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Clostridium Difficile (C-Diff)
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bacteria that causes severe watery diarrhea and other intestinal disease when competing bacteria have been wiped out by abtibiotics
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Disposable
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a product designed for short term use with most products only intended for single use
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Disinfect
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to decrease spread of pathogens and disease by destroying pathogens
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Hepatitis
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inflammation of the liver caused by infection
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Influenza
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an infectious disease caused by a virus
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Jaundice
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a yellow/gold tint to the skin and eyes often seen in liver disease such as hepatitis or liver cancer
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Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
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an antibiotic resistant infection often acquired in hospitals and other facilities; spread by direct physical contact
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
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federal government agency that protects workers from hazards on the job
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Pediculosis
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infestation of lice
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Scabies
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a contagious skin infection that occurs among humans and other animals
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Tuberculosis (TB)
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a bacterial infection that affects the lungs, causing coughing and difficulty breathing, fever and fatigue
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Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
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a strain of enterococcus that cannot be controlled with antibiotics; spread through direct and indirect contact
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Cardiac Arrest
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heart function and circulation stop
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Choking
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a complete blockage of the airway requiring immediate action
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Disorientation
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confused relative to time and/or place
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Environment
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circumstances or conditions that surround an individual
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Fainting
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sudden loss of consciousness because of inadequate blood supply to the brain
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Fracture
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Broken bone
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Hemiplegia
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total paralysis of the arm, leg and torso on one side of the body
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Hemorrhage
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excessive loss of blood from a blood vessel
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Paralysis
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loss or impairment of the ability to move a body part, usually as a result of damage to its nerve supply
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Poisoning
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to cause injury, illness, or death by chemical means
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Risk Factor
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a characteristic, condition, or behavior that increases the possibility of injury
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Scald
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burn caused by hot liquids in contact with the skin
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Seizure (Convulsions)
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sudden contractions of muscles due to A disturbance in brain activity
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shock
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state of being when vital parts of the body (brain, heart and lungs) do not get enough blood
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Evacuation Plan
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plan developed by the facility stating a safe area where residents would be relocated to in case of fire/emergency
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Entrapment
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a residents body part becomes lodged between the bed frame and or mattress and the bed rail
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Elopement
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a resident exiting the facility whose whereabouts are unknown by the staff
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Fire Drill
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plan executed frequently to help workers learn what to do in case of a fire
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Flammable
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easily ignited; capable of Burning quickly
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Pacing
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walking back and forth in the same area
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Wandering
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walking aimlessly throughout the facility
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Apical Pulse
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pulse in the chest
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Brachial Pulse
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pulse inside the bend of elbow
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where blood pressure is taken
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Carotid Pulse
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pulse taken with CPR, located at side of neck
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Diastolic Blood Pressure (bottom number)
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the phase when the heart relaxes
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Expiration
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exhaling air out of the lungs
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Hypertension
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high blood pressure
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Hypotension
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low blood pressure
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Inspiration
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breathing air into the lungs
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Orthostatic Hypotension
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a drop in blood pressure when a resident rises from a lying to sitting or standing position
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Radial Pulse
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pulse site found on the inside of the wrist, by the thumb
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Respiration
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process of breathing air into the lungs and exhaling air out of the lungs
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Systolic Blood Pressure (top number)
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the phase when the heart is at work, contracting and pushing blood from the left ventricle
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Alignment
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put in a straight line. shoulders above hips, head and neck straight, arms and legs in a natural position
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Ambulation
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walking
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Assistive Devices
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equipment used to help resident increase independence
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Body Mechanics
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using the body properly to coordinate balance and movement
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Cane
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Assistive device used by the resident with weakness on one side
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Dangle
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sitting up with feet over the edge of the bed
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Deformities
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abnormally formed parts of the body
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Fowler's Position
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head of bed raised 45-60 degrees
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Lateral Position
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lying on either left or right side
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Logrolling
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to turn, or move the resident without disturbing the alignment of their body
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Pivot
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to turn with one foot remaining stationary
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Positioning
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the placement and alignment of the resident's body when assisting the resident to sit, lie down, & turn
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Semi-Fowlers Position
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head of bed elevated 30-45 degrees
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Supine Position
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lying flat on back
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Transfer
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moving resident from one surface to another
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Transfer Belt (Gait Belt)
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a safety belt used to assist a resident who is weak/unsteady during transfers or walking
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Walker
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Assistive device used for support and steadiness
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Mechanical Lift
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a hydraulic or electric device used to transfer dependent or obese residents between surfaces
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Stretcher
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Gurney; device used for transporting residents unable to use a wheelchair or to walk;
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Foot Care
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care of the feet
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NPO
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nothing by mouth
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Oral Care
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care of mouth, teeth, & gums
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Catheter
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tube used to drain urine from the bladder
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Condom Catheter
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external catheter that fits over the penis
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Elimination
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process of expelling solid waste
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Enema
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water in the colon to eliminate stool
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Fecal Impaction
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hard stool in the rectum that can't be expelled
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Fracture Pan
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bedpan used for a resident who can't raise their hips
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Hemiparesis
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weakness on one side of body
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Incontinence
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unable to control bladder or bowels
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Indwelling Catheter
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catheter that remains in the bladder for a period of time
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Paraplegia
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loss of function of lower body and legs
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Portable Commode (Bedside)
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chair with a toilet seat
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Prosthesis
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artificial body part
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Quadriplegia
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loss of function of legs,trunk, & arms
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Suppository
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medication given rectally to cause a bowel movement
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Void
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urination
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Closed Bed
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a bed completely made
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Draw Sheet
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turning sheet that is placed under resident to assist with turning and lifting resident
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Hoarding
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excessive collecting and maintaining items
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Occupied Bed
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bed made while a resident is in the bed
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Open Bed
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folding the linen down to the foot of the bed
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Reality Orientation
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using calendars, clocks, signs, & lists to assist residents with cognitive impairment
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Unoccupied Bed
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a bed made while there is no resident in the bed
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Aspiration
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inhalation of food or drink into the lungs
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Calories
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energy value of food
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Carbohydrates
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the main source of energy for all body functions
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Dehydration
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excessive loss of fluid from the body
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Fats
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help the body store energy and use certain vitamins
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Fluid Overload
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condition when the body is unable to handle the amount of fluids consumed
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Fluid Restriction
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a restriction of the amount of fluids a resident may have per day
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Gastrostomy Tube (G-Tube)
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tube placed in the abdomen directly into the stomach and used to provide nourishment
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Hydration
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fluids consumed
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Jejunostomy Tube (J-Tube)
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tube placed in the second part of the small intestines and used to provide nourishment
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Minerals
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Compound found in the diet or dietary supplements
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Nasogastric Tube (NG-Tube)
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tube placed through the nose to the stomach and used to provide nourishment
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Naso (Nose) Gastric (Stomach)
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Nutrients
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substances in food that provide nourishment
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Nutrition
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process where the body takes in food to maintain health
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PEG (percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy)
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tube placed endoscopically, directly into the stomach and used to provide nourishment
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Protiens
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Complex compounds that promote growth and repair of tissue
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Vitamins
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organic compounds that helps the body function
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Water
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H2O; most essential nutrient for life
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Bony Prominence
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area or body where the bone is close to the skin
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ankles, hip bones, elbows, etc
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Dermis
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inner layer of skin
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Epidermis
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outer layer of skin
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Friction
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skin repeatedly rubs another surface
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Inegumentary System
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skin
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Offload
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assisting a resident to stand up to remove pressure from the area
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Pressure Point
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any area of the body that bears the body's weight and where a bone is close to the skin
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Pressure Sore AKA Bed Sore or Decubitus Ulcer
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localized injury to the skin and/or underlying tissue
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Reversed Push-up
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asking a resident to lift off their buttocks using their arms
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Shear
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skin stays in one position, but underlying bone and tissue roll in the opposite direction
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Subcutaneous Tissue
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lowest layer of skin, fatty tissue
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Chemical Restraint
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any drug used for discipline or convenience that's not required to treat medical symptoms
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Convenience
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any action taken to control the resident that isn't in the residents best interest
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Discipline
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any action taken by the facility to punish the resident
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Medical Symptom
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an indication of a physical or psychological condition
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Physical Restraint
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any device attached to or near residents body that the resident cannot remove easily
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Side Rail
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a barrier device attached to the side of the bed
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Abduction
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moving a body part away from the body
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Adduction
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moving a body part toward the body
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Contracture
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permanent stiffening of a joint and muscle
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Dorsiflexion
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bending backwards
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Extension
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straightening a body part
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Flexion
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bending a body part
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Pronation
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turning downward
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Range of Motion
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exercises that puts joints through their full range of motion
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Active Range of Motion
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exercises are done by the resident
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Passive Range of Motion
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caregivers support and move the residents joints
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Combustion
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the process of burning and exploding
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Flammable
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easily ignited and capable of burning quickly
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Amputation
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removal of some or all of a body part
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Elastic/Compression Stockings (TED Hose)
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stockings that decrease blood pooling in the lower extremities
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Phantom Pain/Sensation
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feeling like a limb is still there after amputation due to remaining nerve endings
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Prosthetic device
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device that replaces a body part that is missing or deformed
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Antibiotic
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kills or slows down the growth of bacteria
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Chemotherapy
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treatment of cancer with an antineoplastic drug or combination of drugs
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Intravenous (IV)
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soft, flexible catheter tube that is inserted into the vein by a nurse or physician
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Pain
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unpleasant sensory and emotional experience
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Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)
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soft, flexible catheter tube that is inserted by a specially trained nurse or physician into a vein for administration of medication, nutrition, or fluids for an extended period of time
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IV Pump
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device to regulate flow of the fluid into the vein
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Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)
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No food is given by other routes, only intravenously
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Vein
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blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart
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Activity Therapy
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increased activities with a goal
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Agitation
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emotional state of excitement or restlessness
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Alzheimer's Disease
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a progressive, degenerative, and irreversible disease cause by the formation of tangled nerve fibers and protein deposits in the brain
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Aphasia
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inability to speak, or speak clearly
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Catastrophic Reaction
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overreacting to stimuli in an unreasonable way
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Cognition
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ability to think logically/ quickly
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Cognitive Impairment
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inability to think, concentrate, and/or remember
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Confusion
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inability to think clearly; feelings of disorientation
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Delirium
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state of sudden severe confusion that is usually temporary
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Delusions
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believing things that are untrue
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Dementia
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serious loss of mental abilities
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Depression
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state of low mood and lack of interest in activity
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Hallucinations
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seeing or hearing things that aren't there
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Interventions
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actions taken by staff in response to an event or behavior
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Pillaging
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taking items that belong to another
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Reminiscence Therapy
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used to encourage residents to talk about the past
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Repetitive Phrasing
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repeating the same phrase over and over
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Sundowning
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behavioral changes from day and night
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Validation Therapy
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allows residents to believe they live in the past or imaginary circumstances
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Anxiety
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uneasiness or fear of a situation or condition
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Apathy
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lack of interest
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Bipolar Disorder
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a psychiatric disorder associated with mood swings that range from the lows of depression to the highs of mania
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Claustrophobia
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fear of having no escape and being closed in small spaces
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Defense Mechanisms
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unconscious behaviors used to release tension or cope with stress or uncomfortable, threatening situations or feelings
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Depression
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persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest
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Intellectual Disability (Mental Retardation)
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developmental disability that causes below average mental functioning
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Manic Depression
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fluctuation between deep depression to extreme activity
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Mental Health
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level of cognitive or emotional well-being
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Mental Illness
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disruption in a person's ability to function at a normal level
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
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uncontrollable need to repeat actions in a repetition
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Panic Disorder
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fearful, scared, or terrified for no specific reason
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Paranoid Schizophrenia
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a schizophrenic disorder causing false beliefs that someone is plotting against them
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Phobias
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an extreme form of anxiety or fear
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
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anxiety related to a disorder caused by a traumatic experience or event
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Psychotherapy
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sessions with a mental health professional where you discuss problems or issues
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Psychotropic Medication
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drugs taken which effect mental state and are used to treat mental disorders
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Schizophrenia
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a complex mental disorder that makes it difficult to tell the difference between real and unreal experiences, to think logically, & behave normally
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Arthritis
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inflammation of a joint
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Atrophy
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wasting away, decreasing in size, & weakening of muscles
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Cerebral Palsy
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a group of disorders that can involve brain and nervous system functions
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Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
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stroke; blood supply suddenly cut off to the brain
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Stroke
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Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
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heart is severely damaged and cannot pump oxygen rich blood to the rest of the body effectively
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Epilepsy
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brain disorder in which the resident has reported seizures
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Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction)
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blood flow to the heart is completely blocked and oxygen cannot reach the cells in the region that is blocked
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Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
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a progressive disease affecting the central nervous system
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Osteoporosis
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condition where bones become brittle and weak
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Parkinson's Disease
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a progressive movement disorder
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Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)
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condition in which the extremities don't have enough blood circulation due to fatty deposits in the vessels that harden over time
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Sputum
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fluid that is coughed up
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Colostomy
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section of the colon is removed and stool will be emptied through a stoma and into a bag adhered to residents abdomen
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Diabetes Mellitus
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body does not produce enough or properly use insulin
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Diarrhea
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frequent elimination of liquid or semi liquid stool
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Digestion
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breaking down food
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Emesis
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vomit
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
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Condition where liquid in the stomach backs up into the esophagus
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Hemorrhoids
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enlarged veins in the rectum
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Hyperthyroidism
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overactive thyroid gland
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Hypothyroidism
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underactive thyroid gland
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ileostomy
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section of the intestine is removed and stool is evacuated from a stoma into a bag
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Ostomy
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an opening from inside of the body to the outside of the body
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Peptic Ulcer
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ulcer that forms in the lining of the stomach
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Stoma
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opening of an ostomy
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Ulcerative Colitis
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chronic inflammatory bowel disease
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Genitals
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external male or female sexual organs
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Immune System
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protects the body from disease
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Lymphatic System
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removes excess fluids and waste products from the tissues of the body
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Perineum
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area between the anus and the scrotum (male) or vulva (female)
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Ovaries
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produce estrogen, progesterone, and Ova (eggs)
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female reproductive system
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Fallopian Tubes
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carry eggs from ovaries to uterus
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Uterus
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sac where eggs can develop
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female reproductive system
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vagina
|
muscular canal leading out of the body
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female reproductive system
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Vulva
|
external genitalia of the female, including labia and clitoris
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female reproductive system
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Breasts
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holds mammary glands which produce nutrients for infants
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female reproductive system
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Testes
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glands that produce testosterone and sperm
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male reproductive system
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Scrotum
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sac that contains the testes
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male reproductive system
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Prostate Gland
|
gland that produces the fluid for sperm
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male reproductive system
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Penis
|
external organ through which males ejaculate and urinate
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male reproductive system
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Admission
|
resident arrival to reside at the facility
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Discharge
|
resident departure from facility
|
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Personal Inventory Record
|
record of residents personal items brought to the facility
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Transfer
|
resident relocates to another area of the facility
|
Medicaid to Medicare unit
|
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Room Change
|
resident moves to another room in the same facility with the same status
|
Medicaid to Medicaid unit, Medicare to Medicare unit etc.
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Advance Directive
|
residents spoken or written instruction about future medical care and treatment
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Cheyne Strokes
|
a pattern of breathing with gradual increase in depth and sometimes rate, followed by no breathing
|
specific to end of life
|
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Cyanotic
|
bluish discoloration of the skin
|
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DNR
|
Do Not Resuscitate, no heroic measures are to be taken if the resident stops breathing
|
No CPR
|
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Mottling
|
when the skin appears blue and blotchy
|
|
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Abbreviation
|
a shortened form of a word
|
|
|
|
Assignment sheet
|
a document that lists the residents assigned to a caregiver and the specifics regarding what care to provide
|
|
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Care Plan
|
plan developed for each resident to achieve certain goals
|
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Chronological Order
|
order in which events occur
|
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Burnout
|
feeling stressed and overworked to the point that care provided to residents is negatively affected
|
|
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Stress
|
the state of being frightened, excited, confused, in danger, or irritated, which may result in an emotional or physical response
|
|
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Stressor
|
something that causes stress
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