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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is force protection |
Keeping the forces fighting and healthy through the prevention of disease non battle injury |
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Med force protection hazards |
Physical - lifting, carrying, noise Chemical - discarded oils, fuel, CBRN Biological - waste disposal, clinical waste |
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Main roles of EH |
- Communicable disease prevention and control - Water quality monitoring and analysis - Food hygiene and safety - Operational field sanitation and waste disposal - Vector and pest control - Environmental monitoring and EIH - Occupational health and safety |
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Definition of disease non battle injury |
A person who is not a battle casualty, but who is lost to the organisation by reason of disease or injury |
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Categories of DNBI |
External Internal |
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Example of external DNBI |
Climate Environmental and industrial hazard Flora and fourna Disease |
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Examples of internal DNBI |
Disease Premises Food and water Waste Processes |
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2 basic principles of health risk management |
Prevention Control |
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What is a hazard |
Anything with the potential to cause harm |
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What is a risk |
The probability of someone being harmed |
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What is a risk assessment |
To help commanders and staff to prioritize and allocate resources. Evaluate importance of health hazards and to compare risk between different hazards |
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Step 1 of health risk management process |
Hazard identification - all hazards approach |
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Step 2 of health risk management process |
Identifying potential population at risk |
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Examples of population at risk |
Friendly forces Locally employed civilians Local civilian population POW/ detainee's |
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Step 3 of health risk management process |
Risk assessment |
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Step 4 of health risk management process |
Risk management through control measures, treatment, resources, monitoring, medical countermeasures, education and training |
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Step 5 of health risk management process |
Monitoring activity |
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Examples of monitoring activity |
Threats and hazards General control Information, training and policy Medical countermeasures and treatment Implementation and effectiveness of control measures |
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Types of audit and surveillance |
Lab reports Fmed 85 EHT audits Local med intelligence Specific monitoring |
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Who can contribute to unit risk management |
All deployed personnel - follow guidance, SOP Leaders - through examples, discipline Trained personnel - CHA, CHD Medical personnel - notifications actual or suspected |
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1st line EH support |
Unit medical staff Combat health advisor Combat health duty personnel |
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2nd line EH support |
Deployed ops - EHO/EHP - UK med group EH team |
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3rd line EH support |
Army regional command EH team RAF station environmental tech RN environmental health officers |
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4th line EH support |
Commander field army medical support branch medicine RAF centre of avaiation medicine Institution of naval medicine DMS (W) |
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Roles of CMT in EH support and examples |
Policy and procedures - MES, fit for duty, vaccinations, water, food Advice and training - health briefs, information to commanders, etc Monitoring and investigation - heat stress index, Epinato, FMed 85 |
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CHD responsibilities are |
Apply and maintain Op sanitation Identify and control disease vectors and pests Maintain water supplies |
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Benefits of having CHD personnel |
Self sufficient Pro active pest control Improved sanitation Water safety Lower DNBI Maintain operational efficiency Intelligent task of EH team |
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Constraints of CHD personnel |
Lack of space Proximity to sleeping/eating areas Logistics High temp of activities |
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CHA responsibilities |
Identify hazards Undertaking threat assessment Implement force health protection measures Advise CoC to measures needed to manage risk |
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CHA specific tasks |
Complete tier 1 assessment Management of CHD trained personnel Medical force protection using health risk management module Involvement with overseas training exercise planning |
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Definition of health |
A state of physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease |
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Definition of disease |
Any state that is a departure from positive health, whether that departure is physical or mental |
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Disease impacts on military force |
Man power wastage Unit mission failure Waste limited unit resources |
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Definition of communicable disease |
Transmitted through an infected person, animal or insect either directly or indirectly |
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Definition of non communicable disease |
Diseases that cannot be spread from person to person |
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Causes of communicable disease |
Bacteria Parasites Protozoa Fungi Virus Helminths |
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How do organisms get into the body |
Eyes Nose Mouth Open cuts or wounds Injection Genitials Anus |
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5 potential sources of disease and definition s |
Contact - human or animal that have been exposed to a disease and may have contracted it Corpse - a dead or decaying human or animal capable of transmitting disease Convelesent - human or animal recovering from disease but may still be infective Carrier - apparent healthy human or animal that harbours potentially pathogenic organisms that could transmit to others Case - an individual suffering from disease with recognisable signs and symptoms |
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Definition of an outbreak |
Two or more cases of a communicable disease which are linked by time and or space |
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What is a notifiable disease |
Any disease that is required by law to be reported to the government authorities |
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Who needs to be sent an FMed 85 |
SO2 health protection defence public health unit HQ JMG To a proper officer |
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Reasons to investigate an outbreak |
To assist in confirmation of an outbreak To assess the scale of the outbreak and the extent of the spread To prevent further spread Investigate the origin Lessons to be learnt To fulfil statutory requirement |
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Who is responsible for FMed 85 |
You and ultimately the MO |
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When should another FMed 85 be completed |
After confirmation of disease from the lab |
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4 parts of initial investigation |
Preliminary phase Communication Confirm notification Control measures |
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Actions of suspected outbreak |
Collect specimens Conduct camp inspection Conduct interviews with the cases Identify common factors Make preliminary decision on source Consider continuing public health risk Initiate immediate control measures |
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3 stages of control or limit spread of infection |
Source Route Target |
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Purpose of good waste management |
Minimise risk of disease Prevent water or food contamination Discourage pest vectors Maintain comfort and morale |
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Types of waste |
Urine Soil Sullage Refuse |
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Types of camp and duration |
Short halt - up to 24hrs Temporary - 24hrs to 7days Semi permanent - 7days to 6mnth Permanent - 6mnth + |
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Temporary halt sanitary appliances |
Shallow trench urinal Shallow trench lateine Improvised grease strainer and soakage pit Refuse/ash pit
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Semi permanent camp appliances |
Funnel urinal and soakage pit Trough urinal and soakage pit Female urinal and soakage pit Deep trench lateine Receptacle latrine RE grease trap |
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Types of incinerator |
Oil drum Inclined plane Semi enclosed |
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Considerations for site placement |
Location Terrain Access |
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Basic principles of setting out a camp |
Front of camp facing prevailing wind Accommodation at the front Sanitary facitilites down wind of accommodation Latrines away from kitchens and water sources |
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Types of clinical waste |
Waste unless rendered safe may prove hazardous or cause infection to those who comes into contact Waste which consists wholly or partially of human or animal tissue Blood or other bodily fluids Drugs or other pharmaceuticals Swabs or dressings Syringes, needles or other sharps |
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Methods used for clinical waste |
Bagging Sharps box |
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Safety precautions for risk of clinical waste |
Good personal hygiene Nitrile or vinyl gloves Gloves worn when handling items Change gloves after each task Protective glasses worn Gowns/aprons/lab coats worn Minimise contact with clinical waste |
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Common airborne diseases |
Common cold Chicken pox Meningitis Influenza Measles Mumps Rubella |
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Mode of spread for airborne disease |
Directly Indirectly Heavy droplets |
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Control of airborne disease at source |
Isolation PPE Private ablutions Good person hygiene Good area hygiene Treat the illness |
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Control of airborne disease at route |
Damp dusting Do not over crowd rooms Barriers PPE Cleaning Respiratory etiquette |
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Control of airborne disease at target |
Vaccinations Avoidance of those contaminated Hand washing technique Good personal hygiene Education |
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Mode of spread arthropods and definition |
Biological - arthropod bites infected person, absorbs pathogens, bites another person and spreads disease Mechanical - arthropod carries pathogens out outside of body, leaves it on food and surfaces, person then eats infected things |
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Common arthropod disease |
Malaria Yellow fever Dengue fever Plague Lyme disease Zika virus Leishmaniasis |
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Mode of spread for contact disease and definition |
Direct - contracted through direct contact with someone who is infected Indirect - contracted through infected fomites |
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Definition of a fomite |
Inanimate object capable of transmitting disease |
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Examples of fomites |
Toothbrush Soaps Razors Towels Bedding Water bottles |
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Direct contact disease |
STD Q fever Rabies Scabies |
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Indirect contact disease examples |
Verruca Impetigo Gingivitis Fungal skin infections |
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Control of contact disease at source |
Isolation Treatment Remove Disposal of corpseDisposal of items corpseDisposal of items Disposal of items |
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Control of contact disease at route |
Condoms PPE Avoidance of those infected |
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Control of contact disease at target |
Education Personal hygiene Vaccinations |
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Control of arthropod disease at source |
Isolate Treatment Remove PPE |
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Control of arthropod disease at route |
Insecticides Pest control |
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Control of arthropod disease at target |
Vaccinations Education Treatment Clothing PPE |
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What is an environmental industrial hazard |
Defined as including hazardous chemicals other than chemical warfare agents, pathogenic microorganisms other than when used as biological warfare agents. Other than those arising from nuclear weapons and physical hazards such as dust, noise, asbestos and smokes |
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EIH examples |
Burns pit - physical and pathogenic hazards Smog - physical hazard of dust and smoke Asbestos - physical hazard of fibres and dust |
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When might EIH occur |
Camp site or recce Natural disasters Establish of new camp location Detachment to new area Short notice deployment |
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What to do with EIH |
Cordon off as out of bounds Inform CoC Inform CHA Inform MO or CHD Inform EH team |
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Definition of infestation |
Presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place to cause damage or disease |
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Types of hot environment |
Hot dry Hot humid |
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Parameters for WBGT |
Dry air temperature Relative humidity Radiant heat Air velocity |
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Why are the military at risk of climatic illness |
We deploy to all varieties of climates |
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What could a commanders risk assessment include |
Maximum work rate Duration of activity Individual risk factors Casualty response Prepatory education Dress for activity Water intake |
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3 categories of individual risk factors and examples |
Lifestyle - weight, physical fitness, smoking, alcohol intake, drugs Health - previous heat injury, illness, vaccinations, sunburn, medications Work constraints - inexperience, recent air travel, poor nutrition, lack of sleep, unacclimatized |
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Acclimatization timings |
Partial - 8 days Full - 15 days |
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Methods of reporting climatic injuries |
Single service reporting chains Accident forms |
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JSP for climatic injuries |
JSP 539 |
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Purpose of water purification |
To make it safe to drink to maintain effectiveness |
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Suspended contaminants |
Sediment Sand Sewage Grit Disease organisms |
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Dissolved contaminants |
Heavy metals Chemical or toxic waste War agents Salts/detergents |
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WILDCATSGP |
Worms Infectious hepatitis Leptospirosis Dysentry Cholera Ameobic dysentry Typhoid Schistosomiasis Gastroenteritis Polio |
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2 methods of clarifying water |
Filtration Sediment |
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2 methods of disinfection |
Chemical Physical |
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Why is the contact period upped to 30 mins |
Water below 5 degree Schistosomiasis threat No lovibond test kit |
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What should be done in the event of water contamination |
Switch to bottle water Hard regimes Collect sample for 'quick silver' Inform EH immediately |
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Sampling frequency and what test |
Daily - chlorine testing Monthly - bacterialogical testing Quarterly - chemical testing |
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Chemical used for detasting water |
Sodium thiosulfate |
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Principals of water purification |
Selection of source Clarification Disinfection Contact period Test Detaste |
