Cmbm-Exam 3- Introduction To Immunology

Front 1

What are the non-infectious processes that the immune system is involved in?

Back 1

1) Transplantation immunity
2) Autoimmune disorders (lupus)
3) Hypersensitivities (allergies)
4) Tumors

Front 2

What are the three types of lymphocytes involved in the immune system?

Back 2

1) B lymphocytes
2) T lymphocytes
3) Natural Killer cells (large granular leukocytes

Front 3

What are the two types of mononuclear phagocytes?

Back 3

1) Macrophages/monocytes
2) Dendritic cells

Front 4

Which leukocyte forms "pus"?

Back 4

Neutrophils

Front 5

Where do macrophages come from?

Back 5

Arise from monocytes

Front 6

What type of leukocyte has the ability to process and present antigen to T cells?

Back 6

Macrophages

*also secrete cytokines that regulate other cell types

Front 7

Which leukocyte is the bridge between innate and acquired immunity?

Back 7

Macrophages

Front 8

Which leukocyte initiates the adaptive immune response?

Back 8

Dendritic cells

*picks up antigen in infected tissue and moves it to lymphoid tissue (where they can interact w/ T cells and present antigen)

Front 9

Where are antibodies produced?

Back 9

Produced by plasma cells (differentiated B cells)

Front 10

What affects does an antibody have on a pathogen?

Back 10

1) Bind and neutralize pathogen
2) Prepare for destruction by phagocytes or by complement

Front 11

Name the three functions of the complement system

Back 11

1) Recruit inflammatory cells
2) Opsonization (tag organism for destruction)
3) Perforation of pathogen cell membrane

Front 12

Name the three pathways by which the complement system is activated

Back 12

1) Alternative
2) Lectin
3) Classical

Front 13

Name the three types of innate immunity

Back 13

1) Mechanical
2) Chemical
3) Microbiological (normal flora)

Front 14

What causes a fever during the natural immune response?

Back 14

Cytokines act on the immune system, but also alter metabolic processes to generate heat

Front 15

Which phagocytic cells are involved in natural (innate) immunity?

Back 15

1) Mononuclear phagocytes
2) Neutrophils

Front 16

In innate immunity, how do phagocytes recognize pathogens?

Back 16

Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

*Can be direct (receptors on phagocyte) or indirect (host proteins bound to pathogen)

Front 17

Where are Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed?

Back 17

Cells that are involved in innate immunity

Front 18

Briefly describe the two major mechanisms for recruiting leukocytes to the site of infection?

Back 18

1) Binding to adhesion molecules on epithelia
2) Chemoattractants produced in response to infection

Front 19

What are the steps in which leukocytes are recruited to the site of infection?

Back 19

1) Selectin-mediated rolling of leukocytes
2) Chemokines increase the affinity of integrins and endothelium binding occurs
3) Transmigration

Front 20

Which cytokine is used to "activate" macrophages and neutrophils for killing?

Back 20

IFN-y