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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Disorders that affect communication
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They can range from:
- HEARING PROBLEMS: which causes problems with hearing -VOICE/SPEECH DISORDERS: difficulties with vocal fold vibration -LANGUAGE DISORDERS: atypicalities of the brain that impact the ability to produce or process speech and or language. More specifically: - SLI: (language abilites) -Voice disorder: apraxia -stuttering -hearing loss or deafness *autism spectrum, down syndrome, williams syndrome- other communication disorders |
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Specific Language Impairment (SLI):
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-Children with SLI are significantly behind their peers in both their language production and comprehension
They have certain problems with aspects of language abilities: -It has nothing to do with their articulation, intelligence, social abilities or hearing |
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Characteristics of SLI
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Children with SLI have persistent delays in their language abilities like:
-vocab size (very poor vocab) -grammatical abilites Children with SLI have problems with correctly using and understanding verbal morphology -specifically morphemes that mark tense and agreement Later literacy problems are common, due to the close relationship between early language skills and literacy outcomes * 7% of children entering school meet SLI definition |
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Random Fact
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- 1 in 6 americans experience a communication disorder of some sort
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Causes of Voice Disorders:
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- Overuse
-Injury -Infection -Cancer -Disease -Environmental irritants |
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Types of Speech Disorders:
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There are three types of speech disorders:
-ARTICULATION Disorders: errors with specific speech sounds sounds, such as /l/ or /s/ -PHONOLOGICAL Disorders: errors on groups of speech sounds such as: fricatives, affricatives, final consonants, or velars - FLUENCY Disorders: not being able to produce fluent speech (stuttering) *There is also craniofacial anomalies: -things like birth defects like cleft palate can affect speech if not surgically corrected |
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Kinds of Hearing Losses:
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1) CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS: This is due to when the outer or middle ear have damage or fails to function.
- Fluctuating; most often evidence in early childhoods as a result of middle ear pathology . This can usually be treated or improved -Permanent: due to structural anomalies of the outer ear, sometimes it is medically or surgically treatable 2) SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS: most common - this is a permanent hearing loss due to hair cell damage or its nerve pathways, and/or cochlear malformation -due to genetics, meningitis, syndromes of some sort - not cure as of right now 3) MIXED Hearing Loss: - Combination of sensorineural and conductive hearing loss 4) NOISE-INDUCED Hearing Loss: -This is due to loud noises affecting hair cells -This will always end up being permanent -Affects especially high frequencies * Central Auditory Processing Problems: - problems with higher level processing skills |
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Sources of Hearing Loss:
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-Genetics
-Viruses -Middle-ear infections true-age hearing loss (natural) -noise induced |
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Onset of Hearing Loss and Variabilities within hearing loss:
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Hearing loss can be:
-congenital: meaning that someone is born with a hearing loss or - Acquired: meaning later in life *Prelingual: onset of deafness occurs before the emergence of language, but not necessairly congenital *Postlingual: deafened after the age of 3-5 years old. *Late-onset: -this refers to those who loser their hearing after completely their education as adults *A hearing loss can be: -congenital or acquired -unilateral or bilateral -sudden or gradual -fluctuating or stable (permanent) |
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Technologies used to treat hearing loss:
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1) Hearing Aids:
- conductive or sensorineural hearing loss is usually managed by this -Hearing aids amplify sounds -They can be an inconvience 2)Cochlear Implants: - For profound/severe hearing loss -It is a surgically implanted device that transforms sound into electrical energy -directly stimulates auditory nerve by using a electrode array that is permanently inserted to the cochlea -this subsitutes the non-functioning hair cells -it is unlike normal hearing -should be inserted at a young age -seen as a threat to the deaf culture |
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Difference between Voice and Language Disorders:
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1- VOICE Disorders:
- Someone may be considered to have a voice disorder if there is pain or discomfort in their larynx or pharynx during speech, or if the pitch loudness, or quality of voicing sounds are atypical compared to others or if it affects their ability to communicate with others Examples of VOICE Disorders --> Apraxia: This is a speech disorder in which people have troubles producing the normal speech movements appropriate to the coordinated movement needed -This includes problems with executing phonological gestures -They know what they want to say but arent able to produce the movements to do so. -is usually caused by a stroke a trauma affecting the frontal area of the left cerebral hemph. -also troubles pronuncing things correctly --> Stuttering: -This specifically a voice FLUENCY disorder -A communication impairment when normal flow of speech is disrupted by repetitions of words or portions of words -unwanted silences grimaces/eye blinks -adults are usually stuck with their stutters if they dont get rid of it as children THE DIFFERENCE: -Language deals with meaning and Speech/Voice deals with sound -people with language disorders have trouble expressing themselves and trouble with understanding other people -while people with voice orders typically have trouble producing or pronouncing speech correctly or fluently |
