Clinical Virology

Front 1

Why study Diagnostic Virology?

Back 1

1. Over 75% of patients seen at dr office have viral related illness.
2. Most serological assays are for viral diseases.
3. Viruses are agents of mysterious diseases.

Front 2

Lassa Fever

Back 2

Highly contagious and is caused by an arena virus (LCM).

Front 3

Lassa Fever is transmitted by

Back 3

1. Contact with or inhalation of fecal materials or secretion from infected rodents bush mouse (Mastomys natalensis), which is a rodent prevalent throughout sub-saharan africa.
2. Person to person contact is through contact with infected blood, secretions, or fecal materials.
3. Also my be airbonre virus

Front 4

In Lassa Fever _____% infected persons my be ____________, while ___% come down with dramatic illness.

Back 4

80
asymptomatic
20

Front 5

Signs and symptoms of infection with Lassa Virus are:

Back 5

Photophobia, fever (incubation period of 10 days), swollen glands, flushing, numbness or tingling, headache, red eyes, oral ulcers, vomiting, pharyngitis, dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing), varying degrees of deafness, pleural effusion, edema, renal disorder, disorientation, confusion, death from cardiac failure, and muscle aches

Front 6

Dengue Fever

Back 6

An acute flavivirus infection (incubation period is 4 day about)

Front 7

Dengue Fever is transmitted by

Back 7

Vector-Aides mosquito

Front 8

Symptoms of Dengue Fever are:

Back 8

Fever, rash, severe head, back and muscle pains, thrombocytopenia and evidence of plasma leakage(hematocrite of 20%)

Front 9

Recovery from Dengue Fever

Back 9

requires several weeks
however it is a self-limiting illness

Front 10

Is there a vaccine for Dengue Fever?

Back 10

yes

Front 11

How many serotypes of Dengue Fever are there:

Back 11

4, which are closely related

Front 12

Viral course of infection of Dengue Fever is:

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1. Virus transmitted to human in mosquito saliva
2. Virus replicates in target organs
3. Virus infects white blood cells and lymphatic tissues
4. Virus released and circulates in blood

Front 13

Ebola fever is caused by?

Back 13

filovirus (RNA) infection

Front 14

Ebola fever mortality is ___ to
___ of infected persons.

Back 14

50% to 90%

Front 15

Ebola fever is a very lethal disease, with characteristic

Back 15

hemorrhage and fever

Front 16

The natural reservoir and transmission of primary infections of Ebola fever is

Back 16

unknown

Front 17

Secondary infection of Ebola fever is by

Back 17

direct contact with blood, secretions, or airborne particles

Front 18

Early symptoms of an infection with Ebola virus

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High fever, headache, chills, sore throat, red itchy eyes, and malaise

Front 19

Late symptoms of Ebola fever

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severe abdominal pain, chest pain, bleeding, shock, vomiting, and diarrhea

Front 20

The Ebola virus is highly infectious and can spread through the

Back 20

use of unsterilized needles, through contact with an infected individual or the corpse of someone who has died from the disease.

Front 21

How long after infection with Ebola virus does it start attacking the body?

Back 21

1 week

Front 22

How does the Ebola virus attack its host?

Back 22

The virus starts attacking blood and liver cells. Then it swiftly progresses to destroying vital organs, such as the kidney and the liver. This leads to internal bleeding, which is then followed by shock and respiratory arrest and then death.

Front 23

West Nile fever is caused by

Back 23

A flavivirus infection

Front 24

How is West Nile fever transmitted?

Back 24

By the Culex mosquito

Front 25

What is the reservoir of the West Nile fever?

Back 25

Wild birds

Front 26

Symptoms of West Nile fever are:

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drownsiness, headache, rash, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, lymphadenopathy, and may lead to encephalitis.

Front 27

Small Pox info

Back 27

Highly contagious
Characterized by fever
Vesicular pustular rash seen
Known to be wiped out except frozen at CDC
Potential agent of bioterrorism

Front 28

What virus causes small pox?

Back 28

Variolar minor and Variolar major

Front 29

What is viral hepatitis?

Back 29

An inflammatory condition of the liver, it is characterized by jaundice, hepatomegaly, anorexia and abnormal liver function. Stool is clay colored and urine is tea colored.

Front 30

Viral hepatitis is caused by

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HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV, HFV, and HGV

Front 31

Hepatitis A incubation period

Back 31

incubation period: 15-5- days (however average is 28 days)

Front 32

Hepatitis A mode of transmission

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fecal-oral (fecal contamination and oral ingestion)

Front 33

Hepatitis A sources of infection and spread of the disease

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Crowded conditions; poor personal hygiene; poor sanitation; contaminated food, milk, water, and shellfish; persons with subclinical infections; infected food handlers; sexual contact

Front 34

Hepatitis A infectivity

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Most infectious during 2 weeks before onset of symptoms; infectious until 1-2 weeks after symptoms start

Front 35

Hepatitis B incubation period

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45-180 days (average 60-90 days)

Front 36

Hepatitis B mode of transmission

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Percutaneous (parenterial)/permucosal exposure to blood or blood products

Front 37

Sources of infection and spread of Hepatitis B

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Contaminated needles, syringes, and blood products; sexual activity with infected partners; asymptomatic carriers

Front 38

Infectivity of Hepatitis B

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Before and after symptoms appear; infectious for 4-6 months; in carriers continues for patient's lifetime.

Front 39

Incubation period of Hepatitis C

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14-180 days
average: 56

Front 40

Mode of transmission of Hepatitis C

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Percutaneous (parenteral)/permucosal exposure to blood or blood products

Front 41

Sources of infection and spred of Hepatitis C

Back 41

Blood and blood products; needles and syringes; sexual activity with infected partners

Front 42

Infectivity of Hepatitis C

Back 42

1-2 weeks before symptoms; continues during clinical course; indefinitely with carriers

Front 43

Incubation period of Hepatitis D

Back 43

Not firmly established
HBV must precede HDV; chronic carriers of HBV are always at risk

Front 44

Mode of transmission of Hepatitis D

Back 44

can cause infection only together with HBV; routes of transmission same as HBV (percutaneous (parenteral)/ permucosal exposure to blood or blood products)

Front 45

Sources of infection and spread of Hepatitis D

Back 45

same as HBV
(contaminated needles, syringes, and blood products; sexual activity with infected partners; asymptomatic carriers)

Front 46

Infectivity of Hepatitis D

Back 46

blood is infectious at all stages of HDB infection

Front 47

Incubation period of Hepatitis E

Back 47

15-64 days
average: 26-42 days

Front 48

Mode of transmission of Hepatitis E

Back 48

fecal-oral

Front 49

Sources of infection and spread of Hepatitis E

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Contaminated water; poor sanitation; found in Asia, Africa, and Mexico; not common in the US and Canada

Front 50

Infectivity of Hepatitis E

Back 50

Not known; may be similar to HAV

Front 51

Type if virus HIV is?

Back 51

retrovirus infection

Front 52

HIV causes

Back 52

acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

Front 53

How is the HIV made in a human

Back 53

retroviruses produce the enzymes reverse transcriptase which allows the viral RNA genome to be transcribed into DNA inside the host cell

Front 54

How is HIV gotten

Back 54

transmitted through contact with an infected person's blood, semen, breast milk, cervical secretions, cerebrospinal fluid or synovial fluid

Front 55

What cell does HIV affect

Back 55

CD4+ helper T-cells

Front 56

Incubation period of HIV

Back 56

averages 10 years

Front 57

What are the signs and symptoms of HIV infection

Back 57

chills, fever, night sweats, dry productive cough, dyspnea, lethargy, confusion, stiff neck, seizures, headache, malaise, fatigue, oral lesions, skin rashes, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, and progressive generalized edema

Front 58

What causes SARS?

Back 58

it is a corona virus infection, which was first described in Guangdong province of China

Front 59

Symptoms of SARS?

Back 59

pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome

Front 60

Is SARS infection fatal

Back 60

yes