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18 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Plasma proteins are produced by:


(name 2 things)

the liver & the immune system

What do hepatocytes synthesize?

albumin

This electrolyte activates enzyme systems:

Magnesium

Alkaline phosophate is present in:

?? all tissue ??

Bicarbonate (H2C03) sampling - what type of blood sample is best?

arterial blood

What is the sample of choice when doing a chemistry test?

Serum

Unconjugated bilirubin are carried by _______________ to the ________________ where it is converted to conjugated bilirubin.

albumin



liver

Conjugated bilirubin is ________________________.

Water-soluble

What are the 3 most common plasma proteins that we test for in blood?

1. albumin



2. fibrinogen



3. globulins

Name a general function of albumin:

prevents leaky vessels

Which electrolyte is the predominant extracellular anion?

Chloride



(CL-)

Seem levels of conjugated (direct) bilirubin are elevated in which two conditions?

1. hepatocyte damage



2. bile duct injury

3 Categories of jaundice & quick examples:

pre-hepatic - hemolytic anemia



hepatic - hepatitis, cirrhosis (dysfunction of liver cells)



extra-hepatic - obstructive jaundice - gall stone, cancer

Which (enzyme??) is a superior marker of hepatocyte injury from ischemia, toxicity, and other liver injury?

GST

Name the 3 types of azotemia:

pre-renal



renal



post-renal

What is azotemia and how are the different types differentiated?

Increased BUN & creatinine



differentiated by Specific Gravity of urine

In renal azotemia, what percentage of the nephrons are non-functional?

70%

What is the function of Trypsin?

breaks down proteins