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317 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three parts of the External Ear?
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Auricle, External Auditory Meatus, Tympanic membrane
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This is the rimmed part of the auricle?
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Helix
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This part of the auricle is a curved part internal and parallel to the helix?
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Antihelix
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This is the opening of the auricle leading to the external auditory meatus?
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Concha
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This is a prominence of the anterior border of the concha?
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Tragus
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The soft tissue forming the inferior part of the auricle is the?
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Lobule
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Extrinsic muscles of the auricle which provide movement, are innervated by which nerve?
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Facial (CN VII)
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Sensory to the auricle (GSA) is provided by which 4 cranial nerves?
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5, 7, 9, 10 (as well as the cervical plexus)
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This part of the external ear functions by conducting sound waves from the auricle to the tympanic membrane?
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External Auditory Meatus
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This part of the external auditory meatus (outer 1/3, inner 2/3) contains sebaceous ceruminous (wax) glands?
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Outer 1/3 of the Canal
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This part of the external ear serves as a boundary and innermost structure of the external auditory meatus?
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Tympanic Membrane
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What are the three layers of the tympanic membrane?
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Outer-Epithelium ; Middle-Fibrous Tissue ; Inner-Mucosa
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This part of the tympanic membrane is not secured in the tympanic sulcus and has NO fibrous layer?
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Pars Flaccida
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This Tympanic Membrane component is secured in the tympanic sulcus and is comprised of all three layers?
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Pars Tensa
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Pars Flaccida and Pars Tensa BOTH have which layers (epithelium, fibrous, mucosa, all, A and C, A and B )
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A and C, They both have epithelium and mucosa
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This part of the tympanic membrane is attached to the fibrous layer and produces a depression called the Umbo?
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Handle of the Malleus
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This structure , which lies under the pars flaccida must be avoided when draining the middle ear?
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Chorda Tympani
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The small space medial to the tympanic membrane is referred to as what?
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Tympanic Cavity Proper
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Within the tympanic cavity, the small space above the membrane is called the ?
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Epitympanic recess
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What inserts near the root of the handle of malleus?
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Tensor tympani
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The Chorda Tympani pass (medial/lateral) to the handle of the malleus and (Medial/Lateral) to the process of the incus?
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Medial/Lateral
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This is the term for the space above the tympanic membrane which houses the body of the incus and the head of the malleus?
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Epitympanic recess
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The epitympanic recess communicates with what two things anteriorly and psoteriorly?
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Nasopharynx and Mastoid Antrum respectively
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Mastodiditis with facial nerve palsy sould be a result of what?
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An infection from the nasopharynx passing into the middle ear (ottis media) and then to the mastoid air cells, which is where the CN VII descends in the posterior wall of the middle ear
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Tegmen tympani is found in which cranial bone?
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Petrous temporal bone
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What two things are at risk for pathology above the tegmen tympani?
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Meninges (Meningitis) and temporal lobe (temporal lobe abscess)
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What bone makes up the floor of the tympanic cavity?
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Mastoid bone
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What nerve perforates the junction of the floor and medial wall of the tympanic membrane?
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Tympanic branch of CN 9
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Infection spreading through the floor of the tympanic cavity could cause what?
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Thrombosis of the internal jugular vein
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The opening of the tensor tympani and the auditory tube are found in which wall of the tympanic cavity?
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Anterior
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What is located in between the openigns of the auditory tube/tensor tympani?
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A bony shelf whose extension is the procesus cochleariformis?
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What is the name for the structure that serves as a pulley for the tendon of tensor tympani's insertion on the malleus?
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Processus cochleariformis
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These fibers pierce the anterior wall below the opening of the auditory tube?
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Postganglionic sympathetic fibers which leave the ICA on their way to the promontory on the medial wall
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Thrombosis of the ICA results from otitis media spreading through this wall?
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Lower part of the Anterior Wall
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The medial wall of the tympanic cavity is also the ______ wall of the internal ear?
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Lateral
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What are the three elevations on the medial wall of the tympanic membrane?
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Promontory, Prominence of facial canal, lateral semicircular canal
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This is an anterior elevation of the medial wall caused by a basal turn of the cochlea?
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Promontory
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The tympanic plexus covers the promontory on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity, what fibers is it composed of?
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CN IX, Sympathetic Fibers, and CNVII Twigs
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Preganglionic parasympathetics of CN IX and postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the plexus on ICA leave the promontory to form THIS nerve?
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Lesser Petrosal Nerve
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The Lesser petrosal nerve gains contributory fibers from these two things on the medial wall?
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PreGang. Parasympathetics of CN 9, PostGan Sympathetics from plexus of ICA
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The prominence of the facial canal can be found on which wall, and is WHAT in relationship to the oval window (superior/inferior)?
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Medial Wall, Superior to the Oval Window
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An elevation on the middle ear superior to the facial canal (prominence) is what?
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Lateral Semicircular canal
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What are the two aperatures of the medial wall of the tympanic membrane?
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Fenestera Vestibuli (oval window), Fenestera cochleae (round window)
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This aperature is located posterior and inferior to the promontory?
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Round Window (fenestra cochleae)
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This aperature is located on the medial wall superior and posterior to the promontory?
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Oval Window (fenestra vestibuli)
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The footplate of the stapes covers this aperature, separating perilymph in the scala vestibuli of the inner ear with the middle ear?
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Oval window (fenestra vestibuli)
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The "secondary tympanic membrane" covers this aperature of the medial wall, and separates perilymph in the scala tympani of the internal ear from the middle ear cavity?
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Round Window (fenestra cochleae)
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Infection of the medial wall of the tympanic membrane can lead to what, as a result of it's close association of the wall with CN VII and CN VIII and the internal ear?
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Facial Nerve Palsy, Labyrinthitis with vertigo, and deafness in one ear
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The openin gto the mastoid antrum is located on which wall of the tympanic cavity?
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Posterior
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The stapedius muscle originates here, a hollow projection below the mastoid antrum opening on the posterior wall?
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Pyramid
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The facial nerve descends in the posterior wall and gives off two branches, what are they?
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Nerve to the stapedius and the chorda tympani
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Infection of the posterior wall can lead to what?
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Mastoiditis with facial nerve palsy and/or sinus thrombosis (due to relationship between the posterior wall and the sigmoid sinus and cerebellum)
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Bleeding from the ear and possible leakage of CSF can be indicative of what kind of injury?
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Basilar skull fracture
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What are the three auditory ossicles?
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Malleus, incus, and stapes
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The ossicles extend in a chain from the _____ wall to the _____ wall
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Lateral to Medial
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This part fo the malleus is in the epitympanic recess and articulates with the body of the incus?
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Head of the malleus
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This part of the incus articulates with the stapes?
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Long process
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This part of the stapes is where the stapedius muscle inserts?
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Neck
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What are the two labyrinth divisions of the internal ear?
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Bony and membranous
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What bone is the bony labyrinth found in?
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Petrous temporal
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The perilymph is found outside or inside the membranous labyrinth?
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Outside (in between the bony and membranous)
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What type of fluid is found inside the membranous labyrinth?
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Endolymph
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These two kinds of glands lie in the external auditory meatus?
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Sebaceous glands and ceruminous glands
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Sebaceous glands and ceruminous glands along with desquamated epithelial cells make up this. Along with hair it serves a protective function.
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Cerumen (earwax)
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This structure serves the function of converting SOUND waves to VIBRATIONS?
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Tympanic Membrane
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This layer of the tympanic membrane is the outer most covering?
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Skin
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Connective tissue layer of the tympanic membrane is lined with these fibers?
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Collagen (Pars flaccida is absent in collagen fibers)
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This layer of the tympanic membrane is continous with the lining of the middle ear cavity?
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Mucosa Layer
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How many semicircular canals of the bony labyrinth are there?
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3 (superior, posterior, horizontal)
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Are all the components of the membranous labyrinth continous with each other?
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Yes
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The widest turn of this structure of the bony labyrinth produces the promontory on the medial wall of the tympanic membrane?
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Cochlea
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This sense changes in the speed of angular movement in the head, and is located within each ampulla of the semicircular ducts?
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Crista Ampullaris
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This patch of epithelium, located within the Utricle and the Saccule, senses gravity and linear movement?
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The Macula
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This feature is connected to the cochlear duct (Utricle, Saccule)?
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Saccule
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The cochlear duct contains this, which functions as the sound receptor?
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Organ of Corti
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Where is endolymph reabsorbed?
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Endolymphatic sac
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What connects the utricle and sacculae to the endolymphatic sac?
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Endolymphatic duct
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What kind of cells line the semicircular ducts?
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Simple squamous epithelium
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The crista ampullaris is covered by an epithelium consisting of what kinds of cells?
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Hair cells and supporting cells
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What kinds of hair cells are there in the crista ampullaris?
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Type 1 and type 2
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How many cilium do the hair cells possess?
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A single cilium, Kinocilium
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This hair cell type are columnar and are innervated by many small synaptic endings?
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Type 2 hair cells
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This hair cell type are flask shaped and are enclosed in a chalice-like nerve terminal
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Type 1
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This gelatinous structure rides on top of the hair cells all the way up to the roof of the ampulla?
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Cupula
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Bending hairs TOWARDS the cilium does what to the membrane (Depolarize/Hyperpolarize)?
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Depolarize
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Rotation of the head will cause hairs to be bent in the same or opposite direction as the head?
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Opposite
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What secretes the matrix of the cupula?
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Suporting cells
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Instead of cupula, what do the maculae have that the crista ampullaris doesn't?
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Otolithic membranes
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What are otolithic membranes?
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gelatinous layers with crystals of calcium carbonate known as otoconia
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Are otoconia more or less dense than endolymph?
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More dense
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Which maculae sense vertical accelaration (utricle, sacculae, both, neither)?
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Saccule
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Which maculae senses horizontal acceleration (Utricle, saccule, both, neither)
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Utricle
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What nerve recieves sensory information from the utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals?
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Vestibular nerve
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The bony core of the cochlea is called what?
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Modiolus
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How many turns do the cochlear duct make?
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2 and 3/4
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What does the modiolus house?
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The spiral ganglion of the cochlear nerve
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This is the spiraling ridge that projects outward from the Modiolus like the thread of a screw
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Spiral Lamina
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What partially divides the cochlear cavity into an upper and lower part?
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Spiral Lamina
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These two spaces within the bony cochlea contain perilymph?
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Scala vestibuli and scala tympani
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This membrane separates the endolymph of the cochlear duct with the perilymph of the scala vestibuli?
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Vestibular membrane
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The endolymph has a high concentration of these ions (Na+, Ca2+, K+, CL-)?
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Potassium K+
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What separates the cochlear duct from the scala tympani?
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Basilar membrane
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The opening at the apex of the cochlea allows the scala tympani to be continous with the scala vestibuli, what is it called?
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Helicotrema
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This spans the distance from the osseous spiral lamina to the outer wall of the cochlea (basilar lamina, vestibular lamina, both, neither)
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Both
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The stapes fits into the oval window which is the beginning of the (scala tympani, scala vestibuli, both, neither)?
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Scala vestibuli
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[Word association] Round Window
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Scala tympani
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This feature of the middle ear cavity allows vibrations to be dissipated by bulging into the cavity?
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Round window
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This membrane underlies the organ of corti and is sensitive to vibrations of specific pitch?
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Basilar membrane
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The basilar membrane at the apex of the cochlea is sensitive to (low/high) tones?
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Low
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This is the lining of the outer cochlear duct?
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Stria Vascularis
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What feature of the stria vascularis, aside from it being stratified cuboidal epithelium, allows it to secrete endolymph?
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Intimate contact with capillaries
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What are the two types of hair cells located within the organ of corti?
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Inner and Outer
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These hair cells receive 90-95% of the afferent fibers from the cochlear nerve?
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Inner Hair cells
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TRUE/FALSE The hairs of the inner hair cells are thought to be imbedded in the overlying gelatinous membrane, the tectorial membrane
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FALSE()
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These hair cells of the organ of corti receive innervation ONLY at their bases (inner, outer, both, neither)
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Outer
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These hair cells have hairs embedded in the tectorial membrane (inner, outer, both, neither)
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Outer
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Phalangeal cells support these hair cell types nearly completely (inner, outer, both, neither)
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Inner
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What do the phalangeal sells send to the apex of the outer hair cells?
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A phalangeal process to form an apical supportive plate (cuticular plate)
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This provides a barrier between the endolymph and the intercellular spaces of the organ of corti?
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Apical plates (formed by phalangeal cells)
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These cells are modified phalangeal cells and border the tunnel of corti?
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Pillar cells
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Nuclei of pillar cells are located at their (apex, base)?
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Base
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This membrane contacts the hairs of the organ of corti causing them to bend upon sound vibrations?
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Tectorial membrane
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Potassium channels of the hair cells open when the hair cells are bent in what direction?
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Toward the tallest stereocilia
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Cells in this structure secrete the tectorial membrane. It is located in the inner angle of the cochlear duct closest to the Modiolus?
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Spiral Limbus
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The entire epithelial lining is derived from this structure? Is it endo or ectoderm?
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Otic Placode, Ectoderm
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What are the 4 bones of the face?
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Nasal, Zygomatic, Maxilla, and Mandible
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Which bones of the face are paired?
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Nasal, zygomatic, and maxilla
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What three things (not including itself) does the nasal bones articulate with?
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Frontal process of the maxilla, Frontal bone, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
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This facial bone forms the prominence of the cheek?
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Zygomatic
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What three bones does the zygomatic articulate with?
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frontal, maxillary, and temporal
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What can be found lodged in the alveolar process of the maxilla?
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the upper teeth
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The infrarbital groove can be found in this bone?
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Maxillary
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The mental foramen can be found in what bone?
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Mandible (bdy)
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What are the two process of the ramus of the mandible?
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Condylar and Coronoid
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Which process of the madnibular ramus articulates with the temporal bone?
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Condylar process
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This can be found at the joining of the body and ramus of the mandible?
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Angle of the mandible
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True/False Muscles of facial expression lie only in the face
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False (lie in the neck and scalp)
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Where do all muscles of facial expression originate from during embryological development?
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2nd pharyngeal arch
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What nerve innervates ALL muscles of facial expression?
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Facial nerve 7
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What are the five MOST clinically oriented facial muscles?
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Orbicularis Oculi, Zygomaticus Major, Orbicularis Oris, Buccinator, Platysma (Oskar the Zombie Often Bites People ??? You come up with a better one…yeah im talkin to you!)
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This muscle surrounds the orbit and occupies the eyelids?
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Orbicularis Oculi
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What are the 3 parts of the orbicularis oculi?
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orbital, palpebral, lacrimal
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This part of the orbicularis oculi aids in the flow of tears?
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lacrimal
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This part of the orbicularis oculi is responsible fro involuntary closure during blinking?
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Palpebral
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This part of the orbicularis oculi is involved in TIGHT closure of the eye?
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Orbital
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Where does the zygomaticus major originate and insert into?
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zygomatic bone to the corner of the mouth
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What does the zygomaticus major do?
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Pulls the corner of the mouth upward and outward, smiling and laughing
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You are most likely using this facial muscle to express your affection
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Orbicularis Oris (purses the lips)
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The buccinator arises from these three things?
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Maxilla, Mandible, and the pterygomandibular raphe
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The duct of this gland pierces the buccinator?
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Parotid gland
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This muscle functions in the expression of horror and in deep sudden inspiration?
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Platysma Muscle
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Sensory innervation of the facial muscles comes from what?
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Trigeminal nerve and smaller contributions from the cervical plexus via the great auricular nerve
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Where does the facial nerve emerge from the base of the skull?
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At the stylomastoid foramen
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What are the two branches of the facial nerve that emerge close to the stylomastoid foramen?
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Posterior auricular, and nerve to the posterior belly of the digastric and stylohyoid muscles
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The facial nerve enters the parotid gland superficial to what two structures?
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ECA and retromandibular vein
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Within the parotid gland, what does the facial nerve divide into?
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Upper temporofacial division and Lower cervicofacial division
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What are the three branches of the temporofacial division?
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Temporal, zygomatic, and buccal
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This branch of the temporofacial division of the facial nerve supplies the muscles of the upper lip?
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Buccal
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The buccinator, orbicularis oris, and levator anguli oris receive innervation from this branch of the cervicofacial division?
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Buccal
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What are the three branches of the cervicofacial division of the facial nerve?
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Buccal, mandibular, and cervical
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Damage to the facial nerve at the stylomastoid process will result in what?
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Paralysis of the ipsilateral muscles, inability to shut the eye, loss of motor limb of the corneal reflex
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Does damage to the facial nerve result in loss of corneal sensation?
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No it is maintained by the trigeminal nerve
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All the division of the trigeminal contain fibers of only GSA except for which one?
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Mandibular (has GSA and SVE fibers)
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What are the three nerves that emerge on the face from the divisions of the trigeminal?
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Supraorbital nerve, infraorbital nerve, mental nerve
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Supraorbital nerve supplies what part of the face?
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Skin of the forehead above the orbit and upper part of the conjunctiva and cornea
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This nerve supplies sensation to the teeth of the upper jaw, lower eyelid and nose, as well as skin and mucosa of the cheek and upper lip?
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Infraorbital nerve
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The mental nerve is terminal branch of what?
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The inferior alveolar nerve
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What does the mental nerve supply sensation to?
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Skin of the chin and lower lip
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What arteries supply blood to the face?
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Facial, superficial temporal, and branches of the maxillary and opthalmic
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What is the relationship of the facial artery as it first appears in the face?
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Anterior border of the masseter and anterior to the facial vein
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The facial artery terminates into what, and where does it terminate?
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Into the angular artery at the medial border of the eye
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What is the benefit of the sinous nature of the facial artery?
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allows for jaw movement
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What are the four major branches of the facial artery?
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Superior and inferior labial, lateral nasal, and angular
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The superficial temporal artery is one of the terminal branches of what?
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ECA
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What ascends along with the superficial temporal artery to the temple?
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Auriculotemporal nerve
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This artery, given off by the superficial temporal artery in the parotid gland supplies the aprotid gland, duct and adjacent skin?
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Transverse facial artery
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The transverse facial artery runs superior or inferior to the parotid duct?
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Superior
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What joins the facial vein below the mandible to form the common facial vein?
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Anterior branch of the retromandibular vein
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The common facial vein drains into what?
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IJV
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What two veins come together to form the retromandibular vein?
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Superficial temporal and the maxillary (within the parotid gland)
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What does the posterior retromandibular vein join to eventually become the external jugular vein?
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Posterior auricular vein
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Can infection of the skin and face spread to the cavernous and other intracranial sinuses?
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Yes (due to the communication between the facial veins and the intracranial venous sinuses)
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What region lies between the ramus of the mandible and the external ear?
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Parotid Region
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What border of the parotid gland does the parotid duct emerge from?
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Anterior border
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Parotid duct courses over/under the masseter muscle?
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Over
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Does the parotid duct pass superficial or deep to the buccal fat pad?
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deep
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What border the superficial parotid gland superiorly?
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Lower edge of the zygomatic arch
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What borders the superficial parotid gland inferiorly?
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Angle of the mandible
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What borders the superficial parotid gland posteriorly?
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External acoustic meatus
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What relationship is the carotid sheath to the deep parotid?
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Medial
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Which fascia is the fibrous capsule of the parotid gland derived from?
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Investing layer of the deep cervical fascia
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The deep layer of the fibrous capsule that surrounds the parotid forms this thickening?
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Stylomandibular ligament
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The stylomandibular ligament separates the parotid gland from what?
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The submandibular gland
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describe the development of the parotid gland?
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Starts where the parotid duct opens in the oral cavity > migrates posteriorly > encloses the facial nerve > grows medially to create a deep part
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What is the most superficial structure of the parotid gland?
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Facial nerve
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What are the three structures found within the parotid gland?
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Facial nerve, retromandibular vein, and ECA
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What structure is the deepest one within the parotid gland?
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ECA
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Parasympathetic secretomotor innervation to the parotid gland is provided by which nerve? Which nerve do these fibers hitchhike?
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Glossopharyngeal; hitchhike on the auriculotemporal
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Sensory innervation of the parotid gland is provided by which nerve?
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Auriculotemporal (V2)
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Parotid fascia is innervated by what?
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Great auricular nerve from the cervical plexus
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Which nerve must be located in a parotidectomy?
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The facial nerve
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Due to the parotid gland's close location with WHAT bony structure is pain worsened during chewing while infected with mumps?
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Ramus of the mandible
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Parotid gland disease is associated with pain from the auricle, external acoustic meatus, temple, and TMJ due to these structures sharing sensory innervation from what nerve?
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Auriculotemporal
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The infratemporal fossa is located superficial or deep to the ramus of the mandible?
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deep
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These three structures lie superficial to the infratemporal fossa?
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Masseter Muscle, Zygomatic Arch, and Temporalis Muscle
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Where does the masseter muscle arise from?
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Anterior 2/3 of the zygomatic arch and infratemporal surface of the maxilla
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Where does the masseter insert?
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Ramus of the mandible
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What lies deep to the masseter muscle?
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Temporalis muscle and the ramus of the mandible
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The zygomatic arch is formed by what two bones?
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temporal (zygomatic process) and zygomatic (temporal process)
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Where does the temporalis muscle arise from?
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Temporal fossa and the deep surface of the temporal fascia
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Where does the temporalis insert?
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Coronoid process of the mandible and the anterior border of the mandible
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What is the lateral boundary of the infratemporal fossa?
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Medial surface of the ramus of the mandible
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What is the medial boundary of the infratemporal fossa?
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Lateral pterygoid plate
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What is the anterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?
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posterior aspect of the maxilla
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What is the posterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa?
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Tympanic plate and styloid process of the temporal bone
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The infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid and the squamous temporal form the (roof/floor) of the infratemporal fossa?
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Roof
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The floor of the infratemporal fossa is formed by what?
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The attachment of the medial pterygoid muscle to the mandible
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This feature located in the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible is the opening through which the inferior alveolar nerve passes?
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Mandibular foramen (into the mandibular canal)
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This is the triangular piece of bone that overlies the mandibular foramen antero-medially?
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Lingula
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What attaches to the lingula?
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Sphenomandibular ligament
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The mylohyoid groove transmits this nerve to the floor of the mouth?
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Mylohyoid nerve (V3)
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This bony structure is a thin, wing shaped protrusion posterior to the pterygomaxillary fissure?
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Lateral pterygoid plate
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What is the hook-like process of the medial pterygoid plate?
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The hamulus
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This is the vertical opening formed by the divergence of the maxilla from the lateral pterygoid plate?
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Pterygomaxillary fissure
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The pterygomaxillary fissure connects the infratemporal fossa with this fossa?
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pterygopalatine fossa
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This is a feature located on the posterior aspect of the maxilla and opens into the floor of the orbit?
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Inferior orbital fissure
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This is the concave part of the temporal bone lying anterior to the styloid process and forming the posterior wall of the infratemporal fossa?
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Tympanic plate
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This opening is located in the roof of the infratemporal fossa and transmits the mandibular division of the trigeminal and lesser petrosal nerves?
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Foramen Ovale
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This is a small opening in the roof of the infratemporal fossa which is posterior to the foramen ovale?
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Foramen spinosum
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What does the foramen spinosum transmit?
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middle meningeal artery and meningeal branch of V3
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This bony protrusion can be found posterior to the foramen spinosum and in the roof of the infratemporal fossa?
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Spine of the sphenoid
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What originates at the spine of the sphenoid?
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Sphenomandibular ligament
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This network of veins is located superficial in the infratemporal fossa in close association with the pterygoid muscles?
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Pterygoid venous plexus
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What does the pterygoid venous plexus connect?
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Facial vein with the cavernous sinus
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The pterygoid venous plexus drains into what vein?
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Maxillary vein
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Why is the pterygoid venous plexus clinically relevant?
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provides conduit for the spread of infection to multiple sites
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This is the larger terminal branch of the ECA and is found in the infratemporal fossa?
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Maxillary artery
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where does the maxillary artery arise?
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Behind the neck of the mandible
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How does the maxillary artery enter the infrtemporal fossa?
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between the neck of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament
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What is the relationship between the maxillary artery and the lateral pterygoid muscle?
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Usually lateral (superficial) but sometimes deep
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How does the maxillary artery exit the infratemporal fossa?
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anteriorly through the pterygomaxillary fissure
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From posterior to anterior, how can the maxillary artery be divided?
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Mandibular, pterygoid, and palatine
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What two branches come off the mandibular part of the maxillary?
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Middle meningeal and Inferior alveolar artery
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This artery arises from the medial aspect of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery?
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Middle meningeal artery
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This artery arises from the lateral part of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery
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Inferior alveolar artery
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This artery passes between the two roots of the auriculotemporal nerve?
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middle meningeal artery
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What does the middle meningeal artery supply blood to?
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Meninges
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This artery supplies blood to the teeth and gums of the lower jaw and the skin of the chin?
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Inferior alveolar artery
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The inferior alveolar artery passes through what foramen and canal, and where does it exit this canal?
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mandibular foramen and canal, exits at the mental foramen
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What branches come off the pterygoid part of the maxillary artery?
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Masseteric, deep temporal, buccal, and pterygoid
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The masseteric artery courses with the masseteric nerve deep to the tendon of the temporalis and enters the (superficial or deep) surface of the Masseter?
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Deep
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These arteries pass between the temporalis muscles and the pericranium?
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deep temporal arteries
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This artery runs obliquely forward to the lateral surface of the buccinator?
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Buccal artery
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What are the four terminal branches of the maxillary artery?
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Posterior superior alveolar artery, Infraorbital artery, Sphenopalatine artery, Descending palatine artery
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This artery supplies blood to the molar and premolar teeth?
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Posterior Superior Alveolar artery
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Through what does the infraorbital artery exit the infratemporal fossa?
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Inferior orbital fissure
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What does the infraorbital artery supply?
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upper incisor and canine teeth and mucous membrane of the maxillary sinus; Facial tissue over the maxilla
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Which artery passes thorugh the pterygopalatine fossa and exits through an opening on its medial wall, the sphenopalatine foramen?
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Sphenopalatine artery
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What does the sphenopalatine artery supply?
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The sinuses of the nasal cavity
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This canal connects the pterygopalatine fossa to the palate?
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pterygopalatine canal
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Within the pterygopalatine canal, what does the descnding palatine artery bifurcate into?
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Greater and lesser palatine arteries
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Lesser palatine and greater palatine supply what respectively?
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Soft palate and hard palate
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The upper head of the lateral pterygoid muscle arises from what?
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infratemporal surface of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
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The lower head of the lateral pterygoid muscle arises from what?
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Lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
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Where do fibers of the lateral pterygoid muscle converge and insert?
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pterygoid fossa, a depression on the neck of the mandible
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The deep head of the medial pterygoid muscle arises from the medial surface of this bony feature?
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Lateral pterygoid plate
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Where does the smaller superficial head of the medial pterygoid muscle arise from?
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maxillary tuberosity and pyramidal process of the palatine bone
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Where does the medial pterygoid muscle insert?
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medial surface of the angle of the mandible
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What two muscles acting together form a muscular sling around the angle of the mandible?
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Medial pterygoid muscle and the masseter
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This is the only muscle in the infratemporal fossa that is innervated by nerve fibers that arise from the main trunk of V3
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Medial pterygoid muscle
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Where does the large sensory trunk and small motor trunk unite to form the main trunk of V3?
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just after traversing the foramen ovale in the roof of the infratemporal fossa
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After the main trunk of V3 gives off smaller divisions it branches into two parts; anterior and posterior. Which is Chiefly Sensory?
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Posterior
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What are the two branches off the MAIN trunk of V3?
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Meningeal nerve and Medial pterygoid nerve
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Meningeal nerve carries what kind of nerve fibers?
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GSA
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The medial pterygoid nerve carries nerve fibers of what type?
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SVE
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What muscles does the medial pterygoid nerve innervate ?
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medial pterygoid, tensor veli palatini, and tensor tympani
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What is the only sensory branch of the anterior division of V3?
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Buccal Nerve (GSA)
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The Buccal nerve passes between the heads of which muscle?
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Lateral pterygoid muscle
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The Buccal nerve supplies what?
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Skin and mucosa of the cheek
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What are the 4 branches off the anterior division of the V3?
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Buccal nerve, Deep temporal nerves, masseteric nerve, nerve to the lateral pterygoid
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This nerve ascends vertically to enter the DEEP surface of the temporalis muscle?
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Deep temporal nerve (SVE)
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This nerve traverses the mandibular notch and enters the deep surface of the masseter muscle?
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Masseteric nerve (SVE)
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Where do all the motor nerves of the anterior division of V3 enter the infratemporal fossa?
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between the skull and the upper head of the lateral pterygoid muscle
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What are the three branches of the posterior division of V3?
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Auriculotemporal (GSA), Lingual (GSA), and Inferior Alveolar Nerve (GSA)
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This nerve passes between the sphenomandibular ligament and the neck of the mandible?
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Auriculotemporal nerve
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The auriculotemporal nerve ascends (posterior/anterior) to the ear along with the superficial temporal artery?
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Anterior
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Which nerve has two roots and encircles the middle meningeal artery?
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Auriculotemporal nerve
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This nerve conveys sensory information from the auricle, temporal region, temporomandibular joint, and parotid gland?
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Auriculotemporal nerve
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This nerve runs medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle on the surface of the tensor veli palatini?
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Auriculotemporal nerve
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This nerve enters the infratemporal fossa in between the bottom of the lateral pterygoid and the top of th emedial pterygoid muscle?
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Lingual nerve; inferior alveolar nerve
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During its desccent medial to the lateral pterygoid muscle, the lingual is in what relationship to the inferior alveolar nerve?
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Anterior and medial
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The lingual is joined by this nerve in the deep part of the infratemporal fossa?
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Chorda tympani
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This nerve conveys general sensation from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?
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Lingual
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This nerve supplies sensation to the teeth and gums of the lower jaw while within the mandibular canal.
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Inferior alveolar nerve
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The inferior alveolar nerve exits the madibular canal at the mental foramen and becomes this nerve?
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Mental nerve
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What does the mental nerve supply sensation to?
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chin and lower lip
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The inferior alveolar nerve gives off this branch just before entering the mandibular canal?
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Nerve to the mylohyoid (SVE)
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What is the ONLY motor branch of the posterior division of V3?
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Nerve to the mylohyoid (SVE)
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This autonomic ganglia lies just below the foramen ovale on the main trunk of V3?
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Ottic Ganglion
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What synapse on the otic ganglion?
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Lesser petrosal (preganglionic GVE of CN9)
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Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the otic ganglion course with this nerve to innervate the parotid gland?
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Auriculotemporal Nerve of V3
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What is the function of the ottic ganglion?
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Parotid gland salivation (secretomotor)
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This nerve arises from the facial nerve just before it exits the skull through the stylomastoid foramen?
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Chorda Tympani
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Where does the chorda tympani nerve exit the skull?
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petrotympanic fissure
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Where does the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the chorda tympani synapse?
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Submandibular ganglion
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What do the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the submandibular ganglion innervate?
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Submandibular and sublingual glands
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SVA fibers of the chorda tympani, whose peripheral processes end in taste buds, have their cell bodies in what ganglion?
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Geniculate
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What is TMJ syndrome caused by?
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Stress related use of TMJ such as teeth grinding (can cause facial pain)
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These two structures form the superior surface of the TMJ?
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Mandibular fossa and articular tubercle
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This superior surface structure of the TMJ is a concave depression in the squamous portion of the temporal bone?
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Mandibular fossa
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This convex structure of the superior surface of the TMJ is located anterior to the mandibular fossa?
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Articular tubercle
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This forms the inferior surface of the TMJ?
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Head of the mandible
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The articular surfaces of the TMJ are lined with what?
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Fibrocartilage
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Loose fibers can be found in the (upper or lower part of the TMJ)?
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Upper
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Tight fibers are found in the (upper or lower part of the TMJ)
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Lower
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The loose and tight fibers in the TMJ function as what?
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Limit the forward and backward movement of the articular disc with mandibular movement
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How many lateral and medial ligaments maintain the head of the mandible in the mandibular fossa?
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One lateral and 2 medial
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