Clinical Head And Neck Exam 4-2

Front 1

This cranial nerve is the major sensory nerve of the face and innervates muscles derived from the 1st pharyngeal arch?

Back 1

Trigeminal

Front 2

What fiber types are carried by the trigeminal nerve?

Back 2

SVE and GSA

Front 3

What does the motor component of the trigeminal innervate?

Back 3

Muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of the digastric

Front 4

Where does the trigeminal nerve emerge?

Back 4

from the anterolateral portion of the pons

Front 5

What division of the trigeminal exits the skull at the superior orbital fissure?

Back 5

Opthalmic

Front 6

Where does the maxillary division exit the skull?

Back 6

Foramen rotundum

Front 7

Where does the mandibular division exit the skull?

Back 7

At the foramen ovale

Front 8

What is the most superior and medial division of the trigeminal?

Back 8

Opthalmic

Front 9

The opthalmic division contains fibers of (GSA, SVE, both, neither)?

Back 9

GSA

Front 10

What are the three main branches of the opthalmic division?

Back 10

Nasociliary, frontal, lacrimal

Front 11

This nerve courses along the upper border of the lateral rectus muscle?

Back 11

Lacrimal

Front 12

What does the lacrimal nerve receive from the maxillary nerve?

Back 12

postganglionic parasympathetics from the pterygopslstine ganglion via a communicating branch of the maxillary, the zygomatico-temporal

Front 13

What does the lacrimal nerve innervate?

Back 13

lacrimal gland and lateral part of the upper eyelid

Front 14

This nerve passes on the levator palpebrae superioris muscle?

Back 14

Frontal nerve

Front 15

What does the frontal nerve divide into?

Back 15

The supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves

Front 16

This nerve innervates sensation of the skin and conjuctiva of the upper eyelid as well as th lateral forehead and the scalp as far superiorly as the vertex?

Back 16

Supraorbital Nerve

Front 17

This nerve innervates sensation of the skin of the medial side of the upper eyelid and the root of the nose and the adjacent forehead?

Back 17

Supratrochlear nerve

Front 18

What is the path of the nasociliary nerve in relationship to the optic nerve?

Back 18

Initially lateral > crosess over > runs obliquely to the medial wall

Front 19

What does the nasociliary give off as it crosses over the optic nerve?

Back 19

Long ciliary nerves

Front 20

What are the two terminal branches of the nasociliary nerve?

Back 20

Anterior ethmoidal and infratrochlear nerves

Front 21

After leaving the anterior ethmoidal foramen, the anterior ethmoidal nerve takes a course in the anterior cranial fossa over the cribiform plate and then through it into the nasal cavity to finally end on the face as what nerve?

Back 21

External Nasal Branch

Front 22

What nerves provide sensory information from the cornea?

Back 22

Long ciliary nerves

Front 23

Long ciliary nerves act as a taci bringing what to the dilator pupillae muscle of the iris?

Back 23

Motor sympathetic innervation

Front 24

What nerve gives sensation on the skin of the lower half of the nose

Back 24

Anterior ethmoidal nerve

Front 25

This nerve provides sensory innervation of the lacrimal sac, skin of the eylids medially and skin on the side of the nose?

Back 25

Infratrochlear nerve

Front 26

Most of the branches of V2 aris ein what fossa?

Back 26

Pterygopalatine fossa

Front 27

Where does the terminal branch of V2 leave the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 27

inferior orbital fissure (infraorbital nerve)

Front 28

What is the only branch of the main trunk of the maxillary nerve that doesn’t originate from the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 28

Meningeal

Front 29

What artery does the meningeal nerve course with?

Back 29

Middle meningeal nerve

Front 30

These connecting branches go through the pterygopalatine ganglion without synapsing through them?

Back 30

Ganglionic branches

Front 31

The zygomatic nerve leaves the pterygopalatine fossa through what opening?

Back 31

Inferior orbital fissure

Front 32

What dos the zygomatic nerve divide into while on the lateral wall of the orbit?

Back 32

zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial nerves

Front 33

The zygomatiotemporal and zygomaticofacial give sensory innervation to what part of the face?

Back 33

Lateral cheek and temple

Front 34

The posterior superior alveolar nerve leaves the pterygopalatine fossa thorugh what ?

Back 34

Pterygomaxillary fissure

Front 35

posterior superior alveolar nerve gives sensory innervation to the?

Back 35

uper molars and maxillary sinus

Front 36

What is the terminal branch of V2?

Back 36

Infraorbital nerve

Front 37

Within the infraorbital canal, what arises from the infraorbital nerve?

Back 37

middle and anterior superior alveolar nerves

Front 38

What nerves, when affeceted, give people the misconception of a toothache when they actually have sinusitis?

Back 38

Superior alveolar branches of the maxillary and infraorbital

Front 39

This is the only division of the trigeminal that contains both motor and sensory fibers?

Back 39

Mandibular division

Front 40

What do the SVE fibers of the mandibular division of the trigeminal supply?

Back 40

Muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, and anterior belly of the digastric

Front 41

What is the only branch of the anterior division of the mandibular that is sensory?

Back 41

Buccal nerve

Front 42

The infratemporal surface of the maxilla (tuberosity) is what wall of the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 42

Anterior

Front 43

The pterygoid process of the sphenoid is which wall of the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 43

Posterior

Front 44

The perpendicular plate of the palatine is which wall of the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 44

Medial

Front 45

The pterygomaxillary fissure is which wll of the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 45

Lateral

Front 46

The sphenopalatine foramen is located on which wall of the pterygopalatine fossa

Back 46

medial

Front 47

Both the pterygoid canal and the pharyngeal canal are located on this wall of the pterygopalatine fossa

Back 47

Posterior

Front 48

This opening is located on the anterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 48

Inferior orbital fissure

Front 49

What are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 49

maxillary artery/vein; pterygopalatine ganglion; maxillary nerve

Front 50

The pterygopalatine ganglion contains neurons of what type?

Back 50

Parasympathetic

Front 51

Parasympathetic fibers heading into the pterygopalatine ganglion come from what nerves?

Back 51

Greater petrosal nerve and the nerve of the pterygoid canal

Front 52

Sympathetics from the plexus on the ICA and sensory fibers from the maxillary nerve (do/do not) synapse in the ganglion?

Back 52

Do Not

Front 53

This nerve arises from the pterygopalatine ganglion and courses through the sphenopalatine foramen to supply the nasal cavity?

Back 53

Nasopaltine nerve

Front 54

The nasopalatine nerve provides sensory innervation to what?

Back 54

Nasal septum and oral mucosa

Front 55

This nerve innervates the mucosa of the hard palate and originates from the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 55

Greater palatine nerve

Front 56

This nerve innervates the soft palate and originates from the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 56

Lesser palatine nerve

Front 57

This nerve innervates the mucosa of the nasopharynx and originates in the pterygopalatine fossa?

Back 57

Pharyngeal branch

Front 58

A patient comes in with left sided anasthesia of the face, along with loss of the corneal reflex. When asked to speak his mandible moves to the left side. What is most likely his problem?

Back 58

Left sided trigeminal nerve lesion

Front 59

What is trigeminal neuralgia or Tic Douloureux?

Back 59

a condition of the sensory part of V, affects areas of distribution of the maxillary and/or mandibular branches, Very painful

Front 60

What is a common viral infection affecting the trigeminal nerve?

Back 60

Herpes Zoster

Front 61

Where do the SVE fibers of the facial nerve originate from (where are there cell bodies)?

Back 61

Facial motor nucleus of the pons

Front 62

What nucleus do axons fo the facial nucleus loop around on their way out of the pons?

Back 62

Abducens nucleus

Front 63

Where do axons of the facial motor nucleus exit the pons?

Back 63

cerebellopontine angle (as motor root of CN VII)

Front 64

Which pharangyeal arch do the fibers of the facial motor nucleus innervate?

Back 64

2nd

Front 65

GVE fibers of the facial nerve originate in this nucleus?

Back 65

Superior salivary nucleus

Front 66

GVE fibers of the facial nerve exit the brainstem at the cerebellopontine angle as part of which nerve?

Back 66

Intermediate nerve

Front 67

What is the spatial relationchip for the three nerves that exit the cerebellpontine angle?

Back 67

From lateral to medial (VIII, Intermediate, motor of VII)

Front 68

What do the GVE fibers of VII do?

Back 68

Provide parasympathetic innervation for the submandibular, sublingual and lacrimal glands

Front 69

This fiber component of VII carries taste information from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Back 69

SVA

Front 70

Where are the cell bodies of the SVA fbers of VII located?

Back 70

geniculate ganglion

Front 71

Processes carrying SVA fibers from the geniculate body enter the brain with which nerve, and where do they terminate?

Back 71

intermediate nerve, and terminate in solitary nucleus

Front 72

This fiber type of VII provides cutaneous sensation from a small region near the external auditory meatus?

Back 72

GSA fibers

Front 73

Processes carrying GSA fibers from the geniculate body enter the brain with which nerve, and where do they terminate?

Back 73

intermediate nerve and terminate at the spinal V nucleus

Front 74

After exiting the cerebellopontine angle, what course does motor/intermediate of VII take?

Back 74

laterally in posterior cranial fossa into the internal auditory meatus with CNVIII

Front 75

Where do the motor root and intermediate root of VII merge to form the facial nerve?

Back 75

At the distal end of the internal auditory meatus

Front 76

This canal is located abov the bony vestibule of the inner ear and houses one of the nerves that traverses the internal auditory meatus?

Back 76

Facial canal

Front 77

Where is the geniculate ganglion located in relationshiop to the tympanic cavity?

Back 77

Medial wall (within the facial canal)

Front 78

What is the name of the sensory ganglion associated with facial nerve VII?

Back 78

geniculate ganglion

Front 79

Geniculate ganglion contains cell bodies of this fiber type (GSA, SVA, both, neither)?

Back 79

Both

Front 80

Does the geniculate ganglion have any synapses within it?

Back 80

No

Front 81

What two changes occur to the facial nerve at the site of the geniculate ganglion?

Back 81

greater petrosal branches from it; it bends posteriorly abruptly

Front 82

Which wall does the facial nerve descend after the geniculate ganglion (in tympanic cavity)?

Back 82

Posterior

Front 83

What two nerves does the facial nerve give ff during it's descent down the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity?

Back 83

nerve to stapedius and chorda tympani

Front 84

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

Back 84

stylomastoid foramen

Front 85

what is the relationship between the retromandibular vein and the eca to the facial nerve within the parotid gland?

Back 85

Facial is superficial to the both

Front 86

Sve fibers that leave the facial nerve in the tympanic cavity innervate what?

Back 86

The stapedius muscle

Front 87

SVE fibers leaving the facial just below the stylomastoid foramen form what?

Back 87

posterior auricular branch (occipitalis muscle) and nerves to the posterior digastric and stylohyoid muscles

Front 88

What does the greater petrosal nerve do?

Back 88

parasympathetic input to the lacrimal gland

Front 89

After leaving the geniculate ganglion and traveling in the groove for the greater petrosal, what nerve joins the greater petrosal at the foramen lacerum?

Back 89

Deep petrosal nerve

Front 90

what nerve is created by the joining of the greater petrosal and the deep petrosal?

Back 90

nerve of the pterygoid canal

Front 91

What kinds of fiber does the deep petrosal nerve have?

Back 91

postganglionic sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion

Front 92

The nerve of the pterygoid canal has fibers of what (parasympathetic, sympathetic, both, neither)

Back 92

Both (preganglionic parasympathetic of VII and postganglionic sympathetic from ICA)

Front 93

Which fibers of the nerve of the pterygoid canal synapse on the pterygopalatine ganglion (sympathetic, parasympathetic, both, neither)?

Back 93

parasympathetic (preganglionic; the sympathetics are postganglionic)

Front 94

Where do the GVE fibers for the submandibular/sublingual enter after coursing along the facial past the geniculate?

Back 94

The Chorda Tympani

Front 95

What is the relationship of the chorda tympani and the handle of the malleus?

Back 95

It courses medial to it

Front 96

How does the chorda tympani get to the infratemporal fossa

Back 96

Passes through the petrotympanic fissure

Front 97

What nerve does the chorda tympani join within the infratemporal fossa?

Back 97

Lingual nerve

Front 98

GVE fibers from the chorda tympani continue with the lingual and synapse where (in the oral cavity)?

Back 98

Submandibular ganglion

Front 99

Taste receptors on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue receive innervation from what fiber types and from what nerve?

Back 99

SVA fibers of CN VII

Front 100

What is the path for the fibers from the taste receptors on the anterior 2/3 of tongue?

Back 100

lingual > chorda tympani > Facial nerve > Intermediate nerve > solitary tract > solitary nucleus

Front 101

What is the pathway for fibers that innervate cutaneous regions near the external auditory meatus?

Back 101

Facial nerve > intermediate nerve > spinal V tract > spinal V nucleus

Front 102

What is the key clinical features of lesions of the facial nerve?

Back 102

paralysis or weakness of facial musculature

Front 103

What are the possible locations for lower motor neuron damage commonly referred to peripheral facial nerve palsy?

Back 103

motor root of CN VII, motor nucleus of VII (lower pons), ventral lower pons (where SVE fbers exit the brainstem)

Front 104

Peripheral facial nerve palsy is characterized by paresis of what?

Back 104

Entire ipsilateral face

Front 105

A patient comes in and you notice his right eyebrow and corner of mouth is drooped, and right corneal reflex is absent, what is a likely problem?

Back 105

Lower motor neuron lesion of R facial nerve (peripheral facial nerve palsy)

Front 106

If a patient has ipsilateral hyperacusis, where is the lesion?

Back 106

facial nerve PROXIMAL to the nerve to the stapedius (sounds percieved louder)

Front 107

If a lesion occurs in the facial nerve proximal to the origin of the chorda tympani, aside from other clinical features, what two things would the patient have?

Back 107

ipsilateral reduced salivary secretion and ipsilateral impaired taste sensation (anterior 2/3)

Front 108

Ipsilateral dry eye occurs with facial nerve lesions proximal to the origin of what nerve?

Back 108

Greater petrosal nerve

Front 109

What exacerbates ipsilateral dry eye (impaired lacrimal secretion) with peripheral facial nerve palsy?

Back 109

Inability to close the eye

Front 110

A common disorder of the facial nerve that leads to a gradual unilateral impairment of all divisions is called what?

Back 110

Bell's Palsy

Front 111

A lesion of the corticobulbar system will cause what kind of dysfunction?

Back 111

Upper motor neuron facial palsy or voluntary central facial palsy

Front 112

These are the principal upper motor neurons for the lower motor neurons (SVE and GSE) of several cranial nerves?

Back 112

Corticobulbar fibers

Front 113

Where are corticobulbar neurons located?

Back 113

in the face area of the primary motor cortex

Front 114

Corticobulbar fibers DO NOT innervate GSE neurons in which 3 cranial nerve nuclei?

Back 114

3,4,6

Front 115

What four nuclei do corticobulbar fibers terminate on directly?

Back 115

LMNs of motor nucleus V, motor nucleus VII, nucleus ambiguus, hypoglossal nucleus

Front 116

Do unilateral lesions of the corticobulbar system impair the function of muscles innervated by motor nucleus V, nucleus ambiguus, or hypoglossal nucleus?

Back 116

No (corticobulbar input to these three nuclei is bilateral)

Front 117

A unilateral lesion of the corticobulbar system produces paralysis of the muscles of what?

Back 117

contralateral LOWER face

Front 118

SVE neurons that innervate muscles of the upper part of the face receive (unilateral, bilateral) input from the corticobulbar system?

Back 118

Bilateral (Upper face)

Front 119

SVE neurons that innervate muscles of the lower part of the face receive (crossed, uncrossed, both, neither) corticobulbar fibers ?

Back 119

Crossed only

Front 120

What two things remain intact in voluntary central facial palsy than in peripheral facial palsy?

Back 120

corneal reflex and voluntary movements of the upper face

Front 121

What is the indication that input to the facial motor nucleus for emotional facial movements DOES NOT involve corticobulbar system?

Back 121

Retained emotionally motivated facial movements in voluntary central facial palsy

Front 122

Emotional facial palsy is characterized as what?

Back 122

paresis of lower facial muscles in response to emotional stimuli with NO impairment of voluntary facial expression

Front 123

Where are the associated lesions for emotional facial palsy?

Back 123

R frontal lobe; Anterior thalamus; Anterior limb of internal capsule

Front 124

What are the four fiber types of facial nerve?

Back 124

SVE, GVE, SVA, GSA

Front 125

Cell body location of the SVE fibers of the facial nerve?

Back 125

Facial motor nucleus

Front 126

What fiber type is found in the superior salivatory nucleus (VII)?

Back 126

GVE

Front 127

Superior salivatory nucleus provides innervation to what

Back 127

Lacrimal gland (via greater petrosal); Submadibular and sublingual (via chorda tympani)

Front 128

These two bones form the roof of the orbit?

Back 128

Orbital plate of the frontal; Lesser wing of the sphenoid

Front 129

These two bones form the lateral wall of the orbit?

Back 129

zygomatic and greater wing of the sphenoid

Front 130

These three bones form the floor of the orbit?

Back 130

maxilla, zygomatic, and palatine

Front 131

These four bones make up the medial wall of the orbit?

Back 131

maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid

Front 132

This orbital opening lies in the junction of the roof and medial wall b/w the two roots of the lesser wing of the sphenoid

Back 132

Optic canal

Front 133

This orbital opening is bounded by the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid?

Back 133

Superior orbital fissure

Front 134

What are the three principle orbital openings?

Back 134

optic canal, superior orbital fissure, inferior orbital fissure

Front 135

What are the three fascia of the orbit?

Back 135

Periorbita, bulbar sheath, muscular fasciae

Front 136

The periorbita is what?

Back 136

Periosteum fo the bones surrounding the walls of the orbit

Front 137

Which fascia surrounds the lacrimal gland?

Back 137

Periorbita

Front 138

The bulbar sheath covers all of the eyeball except for what?

Back 138

The cornea

Front 139

Which fascia of the orbit give off fibrous expansions that act as check ligaments?

Back 139

Muscular fascia

Front 140

The medial check ligament extends from what muscle and to what bone?

Back 140

medial rectus to the lacrimal bone

Front 141

The lateral check ligament extends from what muscle to what bone?

Back 141

Lateral rectus to the zygomatic

Front 142

What originates from the common tendinous ring in the orbit?

Back 142

The four rectus muscles

Front 143

What four nerves does the common tendinous ring encircle?

Back 143

optic, oculomotor, abducens, nasociliary

Front 144

What two structures pass through the optic canal?

Back 144

Optic nerve and opthalmic artery

Front 145

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure THROUGH the common tendinous ring?

Back 145

oculomotor, abducens, nasociliary

Front 146

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure ABOVE the common tendinous ring?

Back 146

Frontal nerve, Lacrimal nerve, Trochlear nerve, Superior opthalmic vein

Front 147

What structures pass through the inferior orbital fissure?

Back 147

Inferior opthalmic vein, infraorbital nerve, zygomatic branches of V2

Front 148

What are the three motor nerves that supply muscles of the orbit?

Back 148

Oculomotor, trochlear, Abducens

Front 149

Preganglionic parasympathetics found in the oculomotor synapse in what ganglion?

Back 149

Ciliary ganglion

Front 150

Describe the course of CNIII?

Back 150

interpeduncular fossa > lateral wall of cavernous sinus > divides into superior and inferior > superior orbital fissure

Front 151

Which division of CNIII supplies the levator palpebrae and superior rectus?

Back 151

Superior Division

Front 152

Which muscles does the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve supply?

Back 152

medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique

Front 153

What is the only cranial nerve that emerges from the brain on the dorsal surface?

Back 153

Trochlear

Front 154

What nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle?

Back 154

Trochlear

Front 155

The abducens innervates which muscle?

Back 155

lateral rectus muscle

Front 156

What do parasympathetic fibers from the oculomotor nerve supply?

Back 156

sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscles

Front 157

What do parasympathetic fibers from the facial nerve supply?

Back 157

Lacrimal gland

Front 158

What do the sympathetic fibers in the orbit supply?

Back 158

Dilator pupillae muscles

Front 159

Downward and abducted eye position due to the unopposed action of the superior oblique and lateral rectus can be a result of damage to which nerve?

Back 159

Oculomotor

Front 160

What is strabismus?

Back 160

inability to direct both eyes toward the same object…will produce diplopia

Front 161

Damage to the oculomotor and paralysis of this muscle will lead to ptosis (lid droop)?

Back 161

Levator palpebrae

Front 162

Dilation of the pupil, in oculomotor damage, is a result of what?

Back 162

Loss of parasympathetic innervation of the pupillary constrictors

Front 163

Extorsion of the affected eye due to the unopposed action of the inferior oblique can be caused by damage to what nerve?

Back 163

Trochlear (paralysis of superior oblique)

Front 164

A patient comes in tilting his head to the left. He says that he does this in order to prevent a vertical double vision that occurs. Where is the possible damage?

Back 164

R trochlear nerve

Front 165

paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle resulting in the inability to abduct the affected eye beyond the midline of gaze is a result of damage to what nerve?

Back 165

Abducens

Front 166

A patient comes in with his right eye deviated medially, he complains of medial strabismus and horizontal diplopia. Where is his damage?

Back 166

R abducens

Front 167

What are the sensory nerves found in the orbit?

Back 167

Optic, opthalmic and maxillary

Front 168

This sensory nerve in the orbit is formed by axons of the ganglion cells of the retina?

Back 168

Optic nerve

Front 169

What artery enters the optic nerve halfway along its length?

Back 169

Central artery of the retina

Front 170

How many ocular muscles are there?

Back 170

7

Front 171

Which is the only ocular muscle that doesn't move the eyeball, but rather elevates the upper eyelid?

Back 171

Levator palpebrae superioris

Front 172

What innervates the superior rectus?

Back 172

Superior division of the oculomotor

Front 173

What innervates the inferior rectus?

Back 173

inferior division of the oculomotor

Front 174

What innervates the medial rectus?

Back 174

inferior division of the oculomotor

Front 175

What innervates the lateral rectus?

Back 175

Abducens nerve

Front 176

What innervates the superior oblique?

Back 176

trochlear nerve

Front 177

what innervates the inferior oblique?

Back 177

inferior division of the oculomotor

Front 178

What innervates the levator palpebrae superioris?

Back 178

superior division of oculomotor and sympathetics

Front 179

Levator palpebrae superioris has (striated, smooth muscle, both, neither)?

Back 179

Both

Front 180

Which muscles adduct the globe?

Back 180

superior rectus, inferior rectus, and medial rectus

Front 181

Which muscles abduct the globe?

Back 181

lateral rectus, superior oblique, inferior oblique

Front 182

Which muscles elevate the globe?

Back 182

superior rectus, inferior oblique

Front 183

Which muscles depress the globe?

Back 183

superior oblique and inferior rectus

Front 184

What are the three distinct actions of the accomodation reflex?

Back 184

convergence of the eyes, accomodation, constriction of the pupil

Front 185

The eye at rest, are the suspensory ligaments tensed or relaxed?

Back 185

Tensed, and the lens is flattened

Front 186

How does near vision change the shape of the lens to more rounded?

Back 186

Ciliary nerves innervating ciliary muscles causes these muslce to contract and pull the ciliary processes toward the central axis thereby decreasing the tension of the suspensory ligaments and causing the lens to revert back to its rounded shape

Front 187

What does the short ciliary nerves innervate?

Back 187

ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae muscle of the iris

Front 188

Miosis is caused by contraction of which muscle?

Back 188

sphincter pupillae muscle

Front 189

What is the main artery supplying the orbital structures?

Back 189

opthalmic artery

Front 190

The opthalmic artery arises from what artery?

Back 190

ICA

Front 191

Within the orbit, the opthalmic artery crosses the optic nerve from what side to what side?

Back 191

lateral to medial (over the nerve)

Front 192

The opthalmic terminates in the medial corner of the eye into these two arteries?

Back 192

dorsal nasal and supratrochlear

Front 193

This artery branches off the opthalmic and is the sole supply to the retina?

Back 193

central artery of the retina

Front 194

What are the principla veins of the orbit and the eyeball?

Back 194

superior and inferior opthalmic (drain into the cavernous sinus and infraorbital vein)

Front 195

What are the clinical application of the opthalmic veins?

Back 195

they connect the facial vein with cavernous sinus and provide a path for spread of infection to intracranial spaces

Front 196

decrease blood supply to somatic muscle (parasympathetic or sympathetic)

Back 196

parasympathetic

Front 197

slow heart reat (parasympathetic or sympathetic)

Back 197

parasympathetic

Front 198

constric pupil (parasympathetic or sympathetic)

Back 198

parasympathetic

Front 199

Parasympathetic is often called craniosacral outflow because?

Back 199

transmitted by cranial and sacral (S2-S4) nerves

Front 200

What are the effector tissues for parasympathetic innervation?

Back 200

smoth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Front 201

In the thorax, abdomen and pelvis, where are the postganglionic cell bodies located?

Back 201

un-named autonomic ganglia WITHIN the wall of effector tissue (vs the head and neck)

Front 202

Are the postganglionic cell bodies of parasympathetics of the head and neck located within the effectro tissue?

Back 202

NO

Front 203

Which postganglionic axons are longer? (head and neck ; thorax, abdomne and pelvis)?

Back 203

Head and Neck

Front 204

What three nerves carry parasympathetics in the head and neck?

Back 204

3,7,9

Front 205

What are the 4 parasympathetic gamglion for the head and neck?

Back 205

ciliary, otic, pterygopalatine, submandibular (COPS)

Front 206

Which nerves innervate the specific parasympathetic ganglion of the head and neck?

Back 206

3 innervates ciliary, 9 innervates otic, 7 innervates pterygopalatine and submandibular)

Front 207

In most cases, which nerve do the parasympathetics hitch-hike on due to it'as broad distribution in the head and neck region?

Back 207

CN V

Front 208

Are there any parasympathetic functions of CN V?

Back 208

NO

Front 209

What two smooth muscles of the eye are effector tissues for parasympathetics?

Back 209

sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle

Front 210

Which muscle constricts the pupil?

Back 210

sphincter pupillae

Front 211

Which muscle relaxes the suspensory ligaments of the eye to accommodate for near-vision?

Back 211

ciliary muscle

Front 212

Secretomotor innervation of the parotid gland is carried out by parasympathetics from this nerve?

Back 212

CN 9

Front 213

Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies for cranial nerve 9 located?

Back 213

Inferior salivatory nucleus (upper medulla)

Front 214

What path do the preganglionic fibers leaving the inferior salivatory nucleu take to get to the Otic ganglion?

Back 214

CN 9 > tympanic nerve> tympanic plexus > lesser petrosal

Front 215

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the Otic ganglion hitch-hike on what nerve in order to reach the parotid?

Back 215

Auriculotemporal nerve (posterior divison of V3)

Front 216

The lesser petrosal nerve carries (parasympathetic, sympathetic, both, neither)

Back 216

Both (remember the sympathetics it gets from the tympanic plexus on the promontory)

Front 217

Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies for cranial nerve 7?

Back 217

superior salivatory nucleus

Front 218

The parasympathetics of CN 7 leave the brainstem in what nerve?

Back 218

intermediate nerve

Front 219

What is the path for the preganglionic parasympathetics to the lacrimal gland?

Back 219

superior salivatory nucleus > intermediate nerve > facial nerve > greater petrosal > nerve to the pterygopalatine canal > pterygopalatine ganglion > hitch-hike CN V2 then CN V1 then lacrimal nerve > lacrimal gland

Front 220

What is the path for the preganglionic parasympathetics to the sublingual and submandibular glands?

Back 220

superior salivatory nucleus > intermediate nerve > facial nerve > chorda tympani > Lingual taxi > submandibular ganglion > Lingual taxi >glands

Front 221

Chorda tympani contains (GVE, SVA, both, neither)?

Back 221

Both (SVA from anterior 2/3 of tongue)

Front 222

ipsilateral impairment of lacrimation AND salivation can be due to a lesion (proximal or distal ) to the geniculate ganglion of VII?

Back 222

Proximal

Front 223

What impairment will result for a lesion of VII distal to the geniculate ganglion?

Back 223

Impairment of salivation but persistance of lacrimation

Front 224

The deep petrosal nerve donates what kinds of fibers to the greater petrosal to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal?

Back 224

Postganglionic sympathetics

Front 225

Where are the preganglionic parasympathetic cell bodies located for CN III?

Back 225

Edinger-Westphal (GVE nucleus in the midbrain)

Front 226

What is the pathway for parasympathetic innervation of the ciliary muscles?

Back 226

Edinger-Westphal > CN 3 > inferior ramus of CN 3 > ciliary ganglion > short ciliary nerve > muscle

Front 227

Loss of pupillary light reflex and accomodation, or a fully dilated pupil can be a sign of damage to which nerve?

Back 227

ipsilateral CN 3

Front 228

Where are the preganglionic sympathetic cell bodies for innervation of the head located?

Back 228

intermediolateral cell column of T1 - T4

Front 229

Where are the postganglionic cell bodies found for sympathetic innervation of the head?

Back 229

superior cervical ganglion

Front 230

What are the postganglionic sympathetic nerves of the head?

Back 230

internal and external carotid nerves (sympathetic plexus around these two arteries)

Front 231

What are the effector tissues for sympathetics of the head?

Back 231

glands and smooth muscle of blood vessels

Front 232

Postganglionic cell bodies for segmental sympathetic innervation of sweat glands and smooth muscles of the head are located where?

Back 232

superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglion

Front 233

What are the dermatome levels assosicated with the superior, middle, and inferior cervical ganglion?

Back 233

C1-C4 (superior), C5-C6 (middle), C7-C8 (inferior)

Front 234

Sympathetics leaving the internal carotid plexus and then going to the superior ramus of CN III are going to what muscle?

Back 234

Levator palpebrae smooth muscle

Front 235

What is the path that postganglionic sympathetics take from the internal carotid plexus to the Dilator pupillae muscles?

Back 235

internal carotid plexus > opthalmic artery plexus > nasociliary nerve > long ciliary nerve

Front 236

What is the smooth muscle portion of the levator palpebrae called?

Back 236

Superior tarsal muscle

Front 237

What are the effector tissues for sympathetic innervation of the eye/orbit?

Back 237

dilator pupillae of the iris, superior tarsal muscle

Front 238

What are the clinical signs and symptomps of Horners?

Back 238

pseudoptosis, redness, enophthalmos, miosis, dryness

Front 239

Which symptom of horners is sinking of the eyball into the orbit?

Back 239

Enophthalmos

Front 240

What can you lesion to produce ipsilateral horners syndrome?

Back 240

descending autonomics, intermediolateral cell columns of T1-T4, T1-T4 ventral roots, T1-T4 spinal nerves, cervical sympathetic trunk, superior cervical ganglion