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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
7 bones of the skull
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2 frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal and 1 occipital
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boundaries and contents of the posterior triangle
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trapezius, SCM and clavicle; contains posterior cervical lymph nodes
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boundaries and contents of the anterior triangle
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medial border of SCM, mandible and midline; hyoid bone, cricoid cartilage, trachea, thyroid and anterior cervical lymph nodes
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what is the relationship between common carotid/internal jugular to the SCM
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they run deep and parallel along its medial border
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what is the relationship between external jugular and SCM
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it crosses the SCM diagonally
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what landmark marks the bifurcation of the common carotid?
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notch on the upper edge of the thyroid cartilage
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ossification of the skull sutures begins at what age? and is finished by?
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6 yo; adulthood
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what causes serum bioassayable thyroid-stimulating activity to increase in the first trimester?
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hCG
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what happens to the thyroid gland in old age?
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rate of production decreases and the gland becomes fibrotic
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Dx: nodding movement especially if synchronized with pulse
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aortic insufficiency
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torticollis
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shortening of SCM
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Dx: entire side of the face is affected by asymmetry
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CN 7 paralysis
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Dx: lower face is affected by asymmetry
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CN 7 weakness
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Dx: mouth is affected by asymmetry
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problem with peripheral CN 5
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Dx: coarse, dry and brittle hair (2)
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hypothyroidism; excessive cosmetic tx
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Dx: fine, silky hair (2)
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hyperthyroidism; familial
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Dx: thickening, hardness or tenderness of temporal arteries
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temoral arteritis
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Dx: enlarged tender salivary gland (2)
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viral/bacterial infection, ductal stone
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Dx: percussion of the skull produces a low pitched note
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hyperparathyroidism
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Dx: diplopia and bruit/blowing sound over the orbit
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expanding cerebral aneurysm
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Dx: tugging sensation upon palpating the trachea and synchronous with the pulse
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aortic aneurysm
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Dx: coarse or gritty sensation upon palpating thyroid gland
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inflammatory process
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Dx: enlarged tender thyroid gland
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thyroiditis
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subcutaneous edema over the presenting part of the head at delivery; crosses suture lines
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caput succedaneum
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subperiosteal collection of blood and bound by suture lines; firm with edges well defines seen in infants
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cephalhematoma
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Dx: bossing (bulging of the skull) of the frontal areas in infants(2)
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prematurity and rickets
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Dx: bulging in areas of the skull other than frontal in infants(2)
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cranial defects or intracranial masses
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Dx: dilated scalp veins and head circumference increasing faster than expected in infants
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increased intracranial pressure
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Dx: in infant, cystic mass in neck (2)
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thyroglossal duct cyst or branchial cleft cyst
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Dx: mass over the clavicle that changes size with crying or respiration in infant
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cystic hygroma
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Dx: nuchal rigidity (resistance to flexion of the neck) in infants
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meningeal irritation
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Dx: 3rd fontanel (mastoid) between the posterior and anterior fontanels (2)
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expected or Down syndrome
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Dx: palpable ridges in addition to expected sutures in infants
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fractures
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max size of anterior fontanel
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4-5 cm
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softening of the outer table of the skull; with what is it associated?
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craniotabes; rickets and hydrocephalus
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Dx: upon palpation of infant skull above and behind the ears there is a snapping sensation in infant
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craniotabes
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Dx: mass in the lower third of SCM in infant
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hematoma
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Dx: palpatory thud felt over the trachea in infant
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foreign body
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Dx: goiter in an infant
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intrauterine deprivation of thyroid hormone
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cracked-pot sound upon percussion of the child's skull
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Macewen sign
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Dx: Macewen sign
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physiologic when fontanels are open but increased intracranial pressure when they are closed
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Dx: bruits heard in the head of a child up to 5 yo
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anemia
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Dx: bruits heard in the head of a child over 5 yo (2)
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vascular anomalies or increased intracranial pressure
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Chloasma
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mask of pregnancy, blotchy, brownish hyperpigmentation of face
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HA with onset in childhood, unilateral, hours to days duration, pulsating or throbbing, well defined prodromal event, nausea and vomiting
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classic migraine
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HA: onset in childhood, generalized location, lasting hours to days, pulsating or throbbing, vague prodromal events, nausea and vomiting
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common migraine
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HA: onset in adulthood, unilateral, .5 to 2 hour duration, onset at night, burning, boring or knifelike, personality changes and sleep disturbances, precipitated by alcohol, increased lacrimation or nasal discharge
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cluster
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HA: onset adulthood, bilateral or occipital, lasting hours, onset in morning, throbbing, no prodromal events, remits as day progresses
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HTN
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HA: onset adulthood, unilateral or bilateral, lasts hours to days, bandlike or constricting, precipitated by stress or anger
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muscular tension
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HA: onset older adulthood, lasting hours to days, unilateral or bilateral, throbbing, no precipitating events
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temporal arteritis
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an expression or appearance of the face and features of the head and neck that when considered together is characteristic of a clinical condition/syndrome
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facies
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Dx: rounded or moon shaped face with thin erythematous skin, hirsutism may be present
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cushing syndrome
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Dx: sunken appearance of the eyes, cheeks and temporal areas, sharp nose, dry rough skin, seen in terminal stages of illness
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hippocratic facies
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Dx: dull, puffy, yellowed skin, coarse sparse hair, temporal loss of eybrows, periorbital edema and prominent tongue
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myxedema
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Dx: fine moist skin with fine hair, prominent eyes and lid retraction and staring or startled expression
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hyperthyroid
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Dx: butterfly rash over malar surfaces and bridge of nose, blush with swelling or scaly red maculopapular lesions
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systemic lupus erythematosus
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Dx: asymmetry of one side of the face, eyelid not closing completely, drooping lower eyelid and corner of the mouth, loss of nasolabial fold
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facial palsy
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Dx: coarsening of features with broadening of nasal alae and prominence of zygomatic arches
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early acromegaly
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Dx: mandibular prognathism, gropping lower lip and short upper lip, parrot beak nose and proptopic eyes
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craniofacial dysostosis
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Dx: depressed nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, mongoloid slant of eyes, low set ears and large tongue
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DS
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Dx: enlarged skull with low forehead, corneal clouding and short neck
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Hurler syndrome
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Dx: acquired mental retardation, poorly formed philtrum, widespread eyes, inner epicanthal folds and mild ptosis, hirsute forehead, short nose and thin upper lip
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fetal alcohol syndrome
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Dx: maxillary hypoplasia, micrognathia and auricular deformity
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Treacher-Collins syndrome
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Dx: maxillary and midfacial hypoplasia
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Apert syndrome
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Dx: severe maxillary and midfacial hypoplasia with low set ears
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Crouzon syndrome
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adult onsest hypothyroidism associated with decreased metabolic rate
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myxedema
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cause of characteristic mucinous edema of facial features in myxedema
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deposition of glycosaminoglylcans in all organ systems
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chronic autoimmune disease that causes symptoms of either hyperthyroidsm or hypothyroidism depending on the duration of the disease
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Hashimoto disease
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protrusion of nervous tissue through a defect in the skull
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encephalocele
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congenitally small skull caused by cerebral dysgenesis or craniostemosis, associated with metal retardation and failure of brain to develop normally
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microcephaly
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premature union of cranial sutures leading to misshapen skull, not accompanied by mental retardation
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craniosynostosis
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