Clinical Chemistry (Set 2 Of 2)

Front 1

Chloride
(common electrolytes)

Back 1

-Main extracellular anion
-Important in: Maintenance of water distribution, Osmotic pressure, Normal anion/cation ratio
-Hyperchloremia: elevated blood chloride level
-Hypochloremia: decreased blood chloride level
-*Serum is the sample of choice

Front 2

Bicarbonate
(common electrolytes)

Back 2

-2nd most common anion of plasma
-Bicarbonate/carbonic acid buffer system
-Aids in transport of carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
-*Kidney regulates
-Frequently estimated from blood carbon dioxide levels (95% of CO2 measured)
-*Arterial blood preferred for measurement

Front 3

Name 4 causes of increased Creatine Kinase levels (without clinical signs of liver disease)

Back 3

1. IM injections
2. Persistent recumbancy
3. Surgery
4. Vigorous excercise
5. Electric shock
6. Laceration
7. Bruising
8. Hypothermia

Front 4

Define:
Enzymes:

Back 4

Proteins produced inside cells
(Acts as catalst increasing the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs.)
-Body contains approx. 10,000 different enzymes
-Concentration of enzymes is higher within a cell than in the blood stream

Front 5

Define:
International Unit

Back 5

The amount of enzyme which under given assay conditions will catalyze the conversion of one micromole of substrate per minute

Front 6

Define:
Katal

Back 6

The basic unit of enzyme activity, the amount of activity that converts one mole of substrate per second.

Front 7

Most terms end in -ase; example: Lipase
Definition

Back 7

Enzyme that catalyzes biochemical reations that result in hydrolysis of lipids to fatty acids.

Front 8

Reference Range
vs.
Normal Values

Back 8

Range values derived when labs have repeatedly assayed samples from clinically normal animals within a given species.

Front 9

Clinical Chemistry
-Determining levels of chemical constituents is an important aid in:

Back 9

1. Formulation of an accurate diagnosis
2. Prescription of proper therapy
3. Documentation of the response to treatment

Front 10

-Factors that may influence blood results:
-Because of these, vet techs must become familiar with:

Back 10

1. Preanalytical errors (before)
2. Analytical errors (during)
3. Post analytical errors (after)
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1. Types of analytic instruments available
2. Testing procedures used
3. Rationale underlying analyses