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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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You have a prolonged PTT and ACT, but all other coag parameters are normal. What are your differentials?
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Clotting factor deficiency in intrinsic pathway:
Hemophilia A (Factor VIII:C) Hemophilia B (Factor IX) Factors XII, XI, or HMWK |
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You see a prolonged PT with normal ACT and Platelet count in a clinically bleeding patient. What are your differentials?
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Early vit. K deficiency or antagonism
Factor VII deficiency |
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Your patient has a prolonged buccal mucosal bleeding time with all other coag parameters normal. What are your differentials?
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von Willebrand Disease
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Your patient has a prolonged buccal mucosal bleeding time, prolonged ACT and PTT with all other coag parameters normal. What are your differentials?
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von Willebrand Disease
DIC Intrinsic pathway factor deficiency |
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What are some differentials for Thrombocytopenia?
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Increased Platelet Consumption:
- DIC - hemangiosarcoma - vasculitis Increased Platelet Destruction: - Immune-Mediated Thrombocytopenia - Erlichia Decreased Platelet Production: - Whole body irradiation - neoplasia of bone marrow - bone marrow infection - estrogen toxicosis - Erlichia (bone marrow aplasia late in disease) |
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What are some differentials for thrombocytosis?
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Dehydration
Iron Deficiency Anemia Inflammatory conditions Epinephrine release Myeloproliferative disorders |
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What are some differentials for hyperfibrinogenemia?
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Dehydration
Inflammation (acute phase protein) Renal Disease Disseminated neoplastic disease Terminal pregnancy (cattle) |
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What are some differentials for hypofibrinogenemia?
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DIC (fibrinogen being used up)
Liver disease |
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Many of your coag parameters are abnormal (prolonged PT, PTT, ACT, hyperfibrinogenemia). What are your differentials?
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Vit. K deficiency
Liver Disease Toxins Drugs Hereditary Factor Deficiency (likely common pathway - I, II, V, X) Didn't pray enough |
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You have prolonged PT, PTT, elevated FDPs, fibrinogen WNL, and thrombocytopenia. What are your differentials?
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DIC
Immune-mediated Thrombocytopenia |
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You see anisocytosis and polychromasia on your blood smear. What is the most likely cause for this?
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regenerative anemia
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You have macrocytosis without evidence of regeneration (no reticulocytosis or polychromasia). What are your differentials for this?
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Likely not due to a regenerative response. Look for:
- FeLV - Myelodysplasia - poodle macrocytosis - hereditary stomatocytosis |
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Your MCHC is elevated (hyperchromasia). What is likely causing this?
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Hemoglobin concentration is falsely increased
- intravascular hemolysis - lipemia - heinz bodies |
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You see spherocytes on a blood smear. What are possible causes of shperocytes?
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IMHA
blood transfusion with mismatched blood bee stings zinc toxicosis |
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You look at a blood smear that has been drying for quite a while now and see lots of echinocytes on it, but no other significant abnormalities. How do you explain this?
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Echinocytes can be an artifact of slow drying of blood films. The pH changes and the cells crenate.
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What are some pathological causes of echinocytes?
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Renal disease
Lymphoma Rattlesnake envenomation Chemotherapy in dogs After exercise in horses |
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What is a schistocyte and what are some causes of them?
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RBC fragment
DIC vascular neoplasms iron deficiency anemia |
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What are acanthocytes and when are they seen? How is their appearance different from echinocytes?
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Irregular spiculated RBCs - have longer projections than echinocytes.
- cats with hepatic lipidosis - dogs with hemangiosarcoma - dogs with liver disease (rarely) |
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What is the most common cause of microcytosis?
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iron deficiency anemia
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What breeds of dogs normally have smaller erythrocytes?
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Akitas and Shiba Inus
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