Module 1: Concepts Of Human Ecosystems And Human Ecological Interaction

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Ecology

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from the Greek word "oikos"— house or habitation

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Haeckel

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In 1980, this biologist coined the term ecology to denote a scientific field.

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Ecosystem

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A model for the cycles of matter and energy that include organic entities and their linkages to the inorganic; individuals exchanging the energy, nutrients, and chemicals necessary to life; humans and bacteria alike are involved in this process.

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Resilience

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measure of the degree of change a system can undergo while still maintaining its basic elements of relationship

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Stability

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measure of the speed with which a system returns to equilibrium after absorbing disturbances

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Natural Ecosystems

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The actual and historical role of humans in the functioning of the ecosystems is nil. Species composition and species numbers are uninfluenced. Geomorphic, ecological, and biological processes are almost undisturbed by humans.

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Examples: Highest parts of mountains, undisturbed parts of the seas, lakes, rivers, tundras, and primeval natural forest ecosystems.

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Semi-natural ecosystems

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Altered by human actions, but which retain significant native elements; may range from unaltered species composition to just using the natural background-soil and or water by man.

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Artificial ecosystems

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Human-made system of plants, animals and people living in an area together with their surroundings

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Family

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Type of human systems which is considered as the basic foundation of social organization comprises individuals associated by blood relationship, legal union, adoption, or consensual affiliation.

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Organization

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Type of human systems wherein people come in many forms

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Community

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The structure of relationships through which a localized population meets its daily requirements

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Human Settlements

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The totality of the human community — whether city, town, or village — with all the social, material, organizational, spiritual, and cultural elements that sustain it.