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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Monophonic
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Pure melody; one tune, can easily hum
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Homophonic
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Tonal accompaniment that supports the main line of melody; late 1800's to 1900's
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Polyphonic
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Many lines of melodies occurring simultaneously in harmony; started in medieval period
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Conjunct Interval
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Predominantly in classical scale; the melody gradually fluctuates as it comes up and as it goes down
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Disjunct Interval
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Romantic Period
Melody abruptly halts in pauses Conveys intensity Mozart Style |
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Consonance
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Flowing chords; melodious and soothing
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Dissonance
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Harsh chords that convey tension
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Meter
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The measurement of Rhythm
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Dynamics
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The volume of music - loud/soft
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Form
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May be Binary, Ternary, Blues, Jazz, Movement
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Binary Form
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AB - piece that has two melodic sections
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Ternary Form
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ABA - piece that sandwiches two melodic sections between a repeat of the same one; starts and ends with the same melody
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Blues Form
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AAB = 12 bars
Melody is repeated twice before the second one is introduced. |
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Jazz Form - Tin Pan Alley
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AABA = 8+8+8+8(counts)
Melody is repeated twice, then different melody, then concluded with the same melody... each is 8 bars. |
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Movement Form
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Symphonies are divided into movements.
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Key
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The tonal key a piece is written in
ie: C major, E minor etc. |
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Chromaticism
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Notes that are not part of the original scale the piece was written in; often a major or a minor could be cancelled or introduced briefly, partway into the piece
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Timbre
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The sound an instrument makes
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Diatonic
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When the entire musical piece remains in the same key.
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Menuet
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Triple meter
Court Dance Appeared in symphonies (until 1789, when they lost popularity) |
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Classical Music Period - complexity
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Less complex than the Baroque; flowing melodies, cheery dances
Homophonic - main melody is supported |
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Classical Music Period - Emotionality
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Very restrained
Clear texture Simple and Harmonic Rhythmic regularity |
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Rococo Period of Music
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1710's
Galant music |
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Sinfonia
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Original italian structure - 3 movements -
Fast - Slow - Fast |
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F. J. Haydn
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Franz Joseph Haydn
1732 - 1809 Liked to use irregular beats in his compositions Started String quarter |
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Coda
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The end of a piece
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String Quartet
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First Violin
Second Violin Viola Cello Created by F. J. Haydn |
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How did Haydn change the structure of Symphonies?
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He added a forth movement.
Fast - Slow- Fast-Fast Fast- Sonata (ALWAYS) Slow - Sonata or Aria or Theme Variation Fast - Always Minuet Trio Fast - Sonata or Sonata-Rondo |
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Orchestra Size
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25-30 pcs
increased to 70 pcs - today |
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Sonata Form
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1st Movement of a Symphony or Concerto
Exposition - Development - Recapitulation |
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Sonata Exposition
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Introduces the theme or melody of the piece
Usually has two themes Brief-to present the theme |
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Sonata Development
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The middle "meaty" part
Something new and unrelated to exposition Variation of the main theme |
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Sonata Recapitulation
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A recap of the original opening theme;
May be a variation of key - not a literal repeat Ends with Coda |
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Coda
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The ending of a piece - the bow that ties a Sonata together
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Aria
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A vocal solo in an Opera 1600's
Form: ABA |
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W. A. Mozart
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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1756 - 1791 Influenced by Bach and Haydn funded by Arch Bishops |
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Singspiel
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"Singtalk" - spoken dialogue in an opera
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Lorenzo da Ponte
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In 1786 met Mozart and was his librettist since
Collaborated together on operas |
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Librettist
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The person who wrote lyrics for the opera
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French Revolution and Opera
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1789 - opera became censored in Austria because they didn't want a revolution like France;
Thought thematic control would discourage people from questioning their life quality |
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Bartolomeo Christofori
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Invented the piano!
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Harpsichord
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like a piano but the strings are plucked vs. hit
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Concerto
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3 movements
I - Sonata II - Aria or Sonata III - Rondo, Sonata, Sonata-Rondo Same as Symphony but does not have a Minuet movement. |
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Kochel
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K 1 though K 626
He documented and catalogued all of Mozart's work. |
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Recitative
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The performer is free to interpret and perform the text as they please
Gives the performer a chance to show off their voice and range. |
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Opera Buffa
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Comedic Opera
Has domestic themes and realistic story lines |
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Forte Piano
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A lighter sound due to the lack of a cast iron frame.
No Cast Iron Frame! |
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Pant Role
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A role of a young man/teenager
Sometimes performed by a woman Sometimes by a man who has been castrated before his voice changed :/ |
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Castrati
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Male Soprano - castrated before puberty to preserve high pitch
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Masonic Imagery (??Opera)
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Magic Flute!
1791 - Opening was kept a secret until first performance. |
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L. v. Beethoven
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Ludwig van Beethoven
1770 - 1827 Classical, Heroic and Personal "Phases" His Symphony #3 was the longest symphony at the time Went deaf - stopped performing but still wrote |
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Beethoven Music Innovations
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Introduced a wiiiiide range of pitch
Wide dynamic range as well - very emotionally unstable music |
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Beethoven Orchestra Size
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At least 50 instruments - powerful sound
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Thematic Unity
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Beethoven - each movement related to the one before
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F. Schubert
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Franz Schubert
1797 - 1828 Classical and Romantic Wrote large and small pieces |
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Rondo
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Last movement of a concerto or a Symphony
"Round" structure - A-B-A- C - A-B-A (C is the climax) -Recurring musical episode |
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Syncopation
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Disruption in a beat
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