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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Science
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Term used in its broadest meaning to denote systematized knowledge-building in any field.
Applied usually to the organization of objectively verifiable sensory experiences. Scienctific Fields |
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The research (knowledge-building) process:
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Inductive reasoning- goal, explore, discover, and describe new knowledge
Deductive reasoning – goal – test existing knowledge and theories |
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Inductive reasoning
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goal, explore, discover, and describe new knowledge
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Deductive reasoning
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goal – test existing knowledge and theories
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Concept of scientific revolutions: (kuhn, 1962)
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*normal science
*crises *revolution *paradigm shift |
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Physical science v. social science
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Physics biology and chemistry v sociology criminology psychology
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What came first science or technology?
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Science and technology are Inextricability linked
*Neither is possible w/ out the other *Society depends on both, but science generally does not provide basis for technology innovation *Technology is generally feared more than science as being out of control. |
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WHAT is technology
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Process by which humans fashion tools and machines to increase their control and understanding of the material environment
“Simple-to-complex tools and techniques that allow people to do things.” |
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Technology production eras
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*craft production- hand made and unique
*Mass manufacturing *Synthetic production |
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Craft era
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Everything hand made—workers possessed tacit knowledge and skills
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production
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high quality with low volume
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Technology trends
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INCREASING: Systems integration
Synthetic knowledge Complexity Manufacturers Product lines Functionality Interoperability Affordability Miniaturization Adoption for criminal justice, security and personal purposes. |
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What does “administration of justice” mean?
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*managing agencies
*crime prevention *order maintenance *crime control *Law enforcement *corrections *social justice *reduction of fear ** |
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Six categories of positive and negative impacts and implications
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1. Ethical- is it the right thing to do?
2. Social- how will our lives change? 3. Legal- is it consistent with constitutional rights and legal responsibilities? 4. technical- is it compatible with existing tech? 5. Managerial- How will it affect operations, culture and supervision of personnel? 6. policy- What more can the federal government do to research, develop or promote responsible use of the technology? |
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Management-related process involved in criminal justice and security technology administration.
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Invention- discovery of a new technology
Innovation- improving an existing technology Adoption- planning for and decision to being using Procurement- involves budgeting for and purchasing Implementation- phasing into operations Training- developing personnel knowledge, skills, abilities Use- state of regular reliance and supervision Maintenance- preventing damage and repairing equipment Evaluation- determining efficaciousness Diffusion- having to do with widespread technology adoption |
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Planning for budgeting and procurement
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*budgeting and fiscal management: --Costs: capital, direct, indirect
Procurement: RFP- a request for proposal is a method used to solicit business plans from corporations. The RFP process allows for you the equitable and simultaneous comparison and analysis of competing business product and service offerings. (RFQ = request for quotation) |
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budgeting and fiscal management:
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--Costs: capital, direct, indirect
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Procurement:
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RFP- a request for proposal is a method used to solicit business plans from corporations. The RFP process allows for you the equitable and simultaneous comparison and analysis of competing business product and service offerings.
(RFQ = request for quotation) |
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insourcing
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*reduced cost
*greater control *more ownership *inability to recoup costs *must assume liability |
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outsourcing
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*requires RFP contract awarding process
*requires contractor oversight *more expensive *more expertise *product/service warranty. |
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Planning for technology adoption
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You must know your agency, community, and/or service target:
*assess and identify capabilities, needs and deficiencies *know your mission *must know your technology status *scan for threats/opportunities *determine manpower and material available for technology, can you do it yourself, or do you need help? |
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10 core purposes for which criminals use technology:
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1. surveillance
2. planning 3. communication 4. transportation 5. coercion 6. protection 7. concealment 8. value storage 9. inflict harm 10. expand operations |
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Ongoing management and maintenance of technologies
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*regular inspection and testing to ensure proper functioning
* procedures for care and servicing of equipment |
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primary and secondary technical categories
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1.avionics 2. chemical 3. computing 4. electro-mechanical 5. electronics 6. imaging 7. mechanical 8. optial 9. robotics 10. sensing 11. telecommunications
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primary and secondary functional categories
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1.bomb/explosives/ordinance management
2. communications 3. compliance/immobilization 4. contraband detection 5. crime/collision scene management 6. crime/ intelligence analysis 7. critical incident management 8. cyber protection 9. facilities protection 10. forensics/criminalistics 11. measurement 12. planning and problem solving 13. prisoner management 14. protective equiptment 15. records mngt and integrated info systems. 16. spatial accessing 17.surveillance & monitering 18. training 19. transportation |