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163 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
bedouin
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group of nomads that wandered Arabia
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Hijaz
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area of western arabia by red sea
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mecca
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city in hijaz, center of muslim religion
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Ka'ba
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religious building in Mecca built by Abraham
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Muhammed
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received revelations from Allah
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Hijra
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journey of Muhammed to Medina
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Qur'an
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Holy book of Islam, literal words of God
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Muslims
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followers of Islam
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jihad
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fight for religion
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caliph
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successor of Muhammed
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Abu Baker
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first caliph
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Ali
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fourth caliph, descendant of Muhammed, assassinated
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Umayyads
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family of caliphs after Ali
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Shi'ites
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followers of Ali, believe in bloodline caliphs
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Sumi
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followers of Muhammed
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Abassids
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family that overthrows Umayyads
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Abu al-Abbas
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leader of Abassids
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al-Razi
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wrote book "On smallpox and measles"
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al-Khwarizmi
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wrote "arithmetic" and "algebra"
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Baghdad
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main city built by Abassids
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Harun al-Rashid
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main character in "Arabian Nights"
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Rubaiyat
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poem by Omar Khyyan
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Sufis
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muslims, "mystics"
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savanna
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open grassland
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Bantu
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tribe of Africa
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animism
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belief that everything has a source of life
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Solomnids
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Aksum citizens believe they are the decendants of Solomn
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Ethiopia
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(solomnids) Cristians grouped by persecution
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Coptic Christians
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Egyptian Christians
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gult
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land grant
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Zara Yakob
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Ethiopian leader, fought back Islam
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Western Sudan
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Ghana, Mali, Songhai
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Ghana
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begins trade with western europe, utilizes the camel
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europe/ghana trade
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gold, salts, slaves
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Mansa Musa
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Mali ruler, gave gifts on his way with a large group to Mecca
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Timbuktu
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becomes capitol of Mali
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Askia Muhammed
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Songhai ruler
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Swahili
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language comprised of a series of city states
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hybrid civilization
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mixture of cultures
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Great Zimbabwe
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"houses of stone"
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Zheung He
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Chinese emporer, traveled to Zimbabwe... may have discovered america
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Franks
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rise after the fall of the Roman Empire
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Clovis
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leader of Franks, converted to Christianity
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Merovingians
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family of rulers by "divine right", rulers couldn't cut their hair or bathe
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Carolingians
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mayors of the palace (kings first servant)
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Charles "Martel" (the hammer)
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great warrior against muslims, mayor of palace
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feudilism
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land grant for military service
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fief
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land given in feudilism, sized by army
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Pepin "the short"
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became king by giving the Pope land for the Pope's statement
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Papal States
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area in Italy run by the Pope, involves Christianity in politics
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Charlemagne
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ruler after Pepin, attempts to creat empire
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duke (duchy)
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responsible for defending counties
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Carolingian Renaissance
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"candle flame of dark ages"
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Louis "the Pious"
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religious but bad king
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Vikings
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farmed better due to warming and became great ship builders, barbarians, took Normandy
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Holy Roman Empire
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empire of Charlemagne
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Leif Ericson
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kills neighbors with an ax, runs and discovers Newfoundland/Vinland
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investiture/homage
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promise/oath to be the lord's man
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manor
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small village, self-sustainable
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peasant
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lives on a manor, low class majority
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free tenant
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peasant employee
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serf
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peasant, not slaves but not free and work in the same place
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Hugh Capet
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first king of France
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Louis "the Fat"
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king is head of courts, king "lord of first loyalty"
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Philip Agustus
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developes national army not depending of feudilism, creates national spirit, king of France
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Celts
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inhabitants of Britain
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Angles
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barbarians, England is named after
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Saxon
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barbarians (combined to make anglo-saxons)
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Alfred "the great"
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king of britain, anglo-saxon, holds off vikings, law giver, supports historic books "Anglo-saxon Chronicles"
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Anglo-Saxon Chronicles
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history "diary" of Middle ages
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Edward "the Confessor"
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last kind in bloodline of Alfred, confesses due to fear of dieing with sins, built Westminster Abbey
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Westminster Abbey
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church/cathedral built by Edward
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William "the Conquerer"
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leader of Normandy
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Herald
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anglo-saxon Earl (count), king after Edward
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Hastings
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battle in Britain, Britain is conquered by Normandy
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Henry II
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father of first english common law, created bureaucracy
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Thomas a Becket
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archbishop of Canterberry, causes conflict between church and state
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John
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son of Henry II, worst king, lost wars in France, lost to Innocence III (Pope)
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Magna Carta
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list of wrongdoings, accepts king can do wrong and be punished, people have rights
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Henry III
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John's son, also not a good king
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Simon de Monfort
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locals and elective representatives (parliament) to advise king
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parliament
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group of elected officials, legislative body
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House of Lords
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noble legislative body
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House of Commons
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commoner legislative body
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Edward I
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good kind, kept parliament
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Otto "the Great"
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ruler of Germany area, conflicts with the church
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abbot
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head of monestary
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monasteries
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places to learn literacy
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Innocence III
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Pope with greatest power, claims to be head over everyone
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heresy (heretics)
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false doctrine, anyone who disagrees with the church
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friar
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mix of monk/priest, don't withdraw from world
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St. Francis of Assisi
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gave everything to preach (even to animals)
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St. Dominic
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believed church has a duty to educate
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Crusades
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Muslims vs. Christians
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Manzikert
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Muslims defeat Christians
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Urban II
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recruits Christians to fight, began first Crusade
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Templars
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Christian warriors, job, defend holy land
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Saladin
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most important muslim leader, retakes jerusalem
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Richard the Lionheart
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king of England, fought in Crusades
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Fredrick Barbarossa
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king of Holy Roman Empire, drowns on the way to the third crusade
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Philip Augustus
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king of France, turns back from the crusades
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guilds
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take care of familys of members, prevent job competition, inspect quality
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Spain
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Muslim empire
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Reconquista
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"reconquest" to regain Spain from muslims
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El Cid
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led against muslims for spain
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Castile
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christian portion of spain
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aragon
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combines with castile
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granada
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muslim area of spain defeated by aragon
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Ferdinand and Isabella
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combine aragon and castile with marriage, funds columbus
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Hundred Years War
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began by Edward III (england against france)
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Crecy
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battle won by enlish against france using peasants and longbows
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Joan of Arc
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teenage peasant woman from france, leads france to victors
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Boniface VIII
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issues unam sanctum
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Unam Sanctum
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declares that nobody can disagree with the Pope
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Philip "the Fair"
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king of France, conflicts with Boniface
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Babylonian Captivity
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Popes are taken to France (arigon)
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Great Schism
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Split; Pope in France and another in Rome
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John Wyclif
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believed church was materialistic, believe church was not needed for salvation
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Lollards
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followers of Wyclif, began underground protestant movement
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John Hus
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criticized the church, convicted of Hericy and burned
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universities
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collection/assembly of scholars, run by the church
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scholasticism
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accepts teachings of church, philosophy school
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St. Thomas Aquinas
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wrote "Summa Theologica"
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Chandra Gupta
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founded the Gupta empire
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Sanskrit
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language used in literature of India
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Kalidasa
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poet and play writer
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Shakuntala
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written by Kalidasa, Romeo and Juliet play
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Aryabhatta
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mathematician, astronomer (understood the world shape, tilt, and revolution), poet
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Harsha
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creates another empire after the fall of Gupta
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Mahmud of Ghazni
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invades India to spread Islam
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Delhi Sultate
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empire area created by invasion
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Empress Wu
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female emporer of China
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Diamond Sutra
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first printed book
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Understanding of History
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book created to defend the beliefs that history is needed to understand
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Mulan
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mentioned in poem, real
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Li Po
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lyric poet
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"soothing the barbarian"
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invites invaders in as a strategy during the Song Dynasty
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Ju Xi
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philosopher, creates Neo-Confucianism
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Kurya
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family that created dynasty and began korea
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Jimmu
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original traditional japanese emporer
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Yammato Clan
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family of Jimmu, line of emporers
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Shinto
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"way of the gods"
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Taika Reforms
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cultural exchange due to interaction with china
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Nara
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ancient symbol of japan
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Heian Period
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time of peace with change of capitol
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Heian-kyo (kyoto)
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second capitol of japan
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Fujiwara
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family that runs Japan through emporer
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daimyo
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the nobility class of Japan
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bushido
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code of conduct for samurai (loyalty and honor)
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seppuku
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ritual suicide
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Yoritomo
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establishes new govt. (Kamakura Shogonate)
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Kamakura Shogonate
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seperates emporer's right to rule from being divine
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Monomato
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clan of Yoritomo
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shogun
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general
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steppe
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open grassland area
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khan
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mongol leader
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Temujin
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"man of iron" aka. Genghis Khan
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Genghis Khan
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first to unite/control mongols
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Kublai Khan
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Mongol that ruled china
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Marco Polo
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Italian traveler, wrote book
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Pax Mongolica
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peace of Mongols
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Tenochitlan
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Mayan capitol
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Iroquis
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mound builders
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