Civil Rights Final

Front 1

Emmett Till

Back 1

14 year old African American boy murdered for supposedly flirting with a white woman. One of the leading events that motivated the Civil rights movement.

Front 2

Rosa Parks

Back 2

"First lady of the civil rights movement". Her refusal to give up her seat on the bus sparked the Montgomery bus boycott.

Front 3

Montgomery Improvement Association

Back 3

December 5, 1955, led by Martin Luther King Jr. Guided the Montgomery bus boycott.

Front 4

Martin Luther King Jr

Back 4

Prominent leader of the civil rights movement, non-violent methods.

Front 5

Fred Shuttlesworth

Back 5

Civil rights activist, minister in Birmingham, Alabama, co founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Confrence.

Front 6

Original Demands underlying Montgomery bus boycott

Back 6

1) Seating should be available on a strictly first-come, first-serve basis.
2.) Drivers conduct themselves with greater civility to black passengers.
3.) Black drivers be hired for predominately black routes.

Front 7

Civil disobedience

Back 7

Active refusal to not obey certain rules, non-violent.

Front 8

Mahatma Ghandi

Back 8

Political figure/leader in India, pioneered civil disobedience

Front 9

Sit-Ins

Back 9

One or more persons nonviolently occupying an area for a protest, often to promote political, social, or economic change. Integral part of the non-violent stategy of civil disobedience during the civil rights movement.

Front 10

Greensboro, NC

Back 10

First sit-in and desegregation of a lunch counter.

Front 11

Freedom Rides

Back 11

Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States.

Front 12

CORE

Back 12

Congress of Racial Equality, U.S civil rights organization, Freedom rides, fought for voting rights.

Front 13

NAACP

Back 13

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909.

Front 14

SCLC

Back 14

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Martin Luther King Jr. as leader.

Front 15

SNCC

Back 15

Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee, emerged in the 1960s, "Black Power".

Front 16

James Bevel

Back 16

American minister and leader of the 1960s Civil rights movement, director of non-violent education of SCLC, "Father of voting rights".

Front 17

Diane Nash

Back 17

Leader and strategist of the student wing of the 1960s civil rights movement, founder of SNCC.

Front 18

"Jail, Not bail!"

Back 18

Civil disobesience tactic used to help bring more attention to the civil rights movement.

Front 19

Albany Movement

Back 19

Desegregation coalition formed in Albany, Georgia. SCLC and Martin Luther King Jr. became involved. Limited sucess of the Civil rights movement.

Front 20

"Meet non-violence with non-violence"

Back 20

Pritchett's non-violent proposal during the Albany movement.

Front 21

Birmingham-Spring, 1963

Back 21

Birmingham boycott intensifies, project "C", Bull Conor issues injunction, fire hoses and police dogs.

Front 22

Bull Conor

Back 22

Commissioner of public safety in Birmingham, supporter of segregation.

Front 23

Letter from a Birmingham Jail

Back 23

Letter Martin Luther King Jr. wrote while jailed. Asserted civil disobedience in terms of obtaining civil rights and that civil rights should be fought in public, rather than in the courts.

Front 24

The Children's Crusade

Back 24

March by hundreds of school students in Birmingham. Purpose of the march was to walk downtown to talk to the mayor about segregation in their city.

Front 25

John F. Kennedy: "Segregation is Morally Wrong"

Back 25

Famous speech stating that segregation is wrong and that it is "time to act".

Front 26

Medgar Evers

Back 26

African American civil rights activist involved in efforts to overturn segregation at the University of Mississippi, became field secretary of the NAACP.

Front 27

March on Washington, August, 1963

Back 27

In fight of civil rights, jobs and freedom. Initiated by A. Phillip Randolph.

Front 28

"I have a dream" - Martin Luther King Jr.

Back 28

Defining moment in civil rights history, spoke for racial equality and an end to discrimination.

Front 29

Bayard Rustin

Back 29

American civil rights activist, important largely behind the scenes in the civil rights movement, chief organizer of the the March on Washington.

Front 30

Bombing of 16th Street Baptist Church

Back 30

Birmingham church bombed, four girls killed. Turning point.

Front 31

"Four Little Girls"

Back 31

Spike Lee's film about the four girls killed in the bombing of the 16th Baptist Church.

Front 32

Julian Bond

Back 32

American social activist and leader of the civil rights movement. Helped found SNCC and served as chairman of NAACP from 1998-2010.

Front 33

Assasination of John F. Kennedy

Back 33

Conspiracy? America has an incredibly shocked reaction.

Front 34

Lyndon Baines Johnson

Back 34

Suceeded the presidency after Kennedy's assasination. He convinced Congress to sign Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Front 35

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 35

Landmark piece of legislation in the United States. Outlawed major forms of discrimination, including racial segregation in schools, work place and in public accomodations.

Front 36

Title VII

Back 36

States that there is no discrimination in employment.

Front 37

Voter Education Project

Back 37

Federally endorsed by the Kennedy Administration in hopes that focus would shift toward the support of voter registration.

Front 38

Mississippi Freedom Summer Project

Back 38

Campaign in the United States launched to attempt to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi. Opposed by the NAACP.

Front 39

Mississippi White Citizens' Council

Back 39

White supremacist organization, white collar Klan.

Front 40

"Why burn a cross when you can foreclose on a mortgage?"

Back 40

White Citizens' Council, had power to foreclose mortgages, white collar discrimination.

Front 41

COFO

Back 41

Council of Federated Organizations. Founded in Mississippi, formed to coordinate and unite voter registration and other civil rights activities in the state and oversee the distribution of funds from the Voter Education Program.

Front 42

Andrew Goodman, James Chaney and Michael Schwerner

Back 42

All three were lynched and murdered during the Mississippi Freedom Summer Project.

Front 43

Freedom Schools

Back 43

Alternative free schools for African Americans mostly in the South, meant to achieve equality.

Front 44

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party

Back 44

Organized by black and white Mississippians, with assistance from SNCC and COFO to challenge the legitimacy of the white-only regualr democratic party.

Front 45

1964 Democratic National Convention

Back 45

Convention that led to Lyndon B. Johnson's presidential nomination. Memorial for JFK a little less than a year later.

Front 46

1964 Nobel Peace Prize

Back 46

Won by Martin Luther King Jr.

Front 47

Disenfranchisement

Back 47

Revocation of the right of suffrage to a person or group of people, or rendering a person's vote less effective or ineffective.

Front 48

Literacy Tests

Back 48

Used to keep African Americans from voting, while still allowing many illiterate whites to vote.

Front 49

"We are not asking; we are demanding the ballot"- Martin Luther King Jr.

Back 49

Part of the Nobel Peace Prize acceptance speech. Demanding voting rights and their importance.

Front 50

"The ballot or the bullet"- Malcom X

Back 50

Speech stating that if the government continued to prevent African Americans from attaining full eqaulity it might be necessary for them to take up arms.

Front 51

George Wallace

Back 51

Govenor of Alabama, strong supporter of segregation.

Front 52

Selma

Back 52

Bloody Sunday, SCLC, voting rights campaign and desegragation.

Front 53

Jimmy Lee Jackson

Back 53

Civil rights protestor who was shot by an Alabama state trooper. His death inspired the Selma to Montgomery marches.

Front 54

Bloody Sunday

Back 54

March to Montgomery was stopped at the end of the bridge and police attacked.

Front 55

Edmund Pettus Bridge

Back 55

Bridge that Bloody Sunday took place on.

Front 56

James Reeb

Back 56

White minister murdered by segragationists while marching for civil rights in Selma.

Front 57

Lyndon Baines Johnson address to Congress: ""We shall overcome"

Back 57

Addressing Congress following the Bloody Sunday attacks, thus legitimizing the protest movement.

Front 58

Selma to Montgomery March

Back 58

Three marches, for voting rights, Bloody Sunday.

Front 59

"How long? Not long."

Back 59

Speech given by Martin Luther King Jr following the Selma to Montgomery march.

Front 60

Viola Luizzo

Back 60

White housewife from Michigan, with a Black man, murdered by the KKK.

Front 61

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Back 61

Outlawed discriminatory voting practices.

Front 62

Thurgood Marshall

Back 62

First African American U.S Supreme Court justice.

Front 63

Stokely Carmichael

Back 63

Black Activist advocate, leader of SNCC and he popularlized the term "Black Power".

Front 64

Black Power

Back 64

Expresses a range of political goals, from defense against racial oppression to the establishment of separate social institutions and a self-sufficient economy.

Front 65

Black Panther Party

Back 65

Organization established to promote black power and by extension self-defense for Blacks.

Front 66

"I've been to the mountaintop"-Matin Luther King Jr.

Back 66

Last speech in Tennesse, he is assasinated the following day.

Front 67

Kerner Report

Back 67

1968, issues report that shows the country racial problems." Our nation is moving toward two societies, one black, one white-separate and unequal."