Civics Module 2

Front 1

Amendment I

Back 1

People have freedom of speech, press, and religion. No law can be made because of religion. Right to peaceful assembly and petition.

Front 2

Amendment II

Back 2

Right to bear arms and maintain a militia.

Front 3

Amendment III

Back 3

The gov’t can’t move soldiers into civilian homes, without consent from the owner.

Front 4

Amendment IV

Back 4

People can’t be subjected to unreasonable searches or seizures by the gov’t without warrant.

Front 5

Amendment V

Back 5

innocent until proven guilty. the right to not incriminate themselves. (eminent domain). Double Jeopardy - cannot be tried for the same crime twice.

Front 6

Amendment VI

Back 6

The right to a speedy and fair trial. Allowed to have a jury and attorney. Criminal Cases.

Front 7

Amendment VII

Back 7

Everyone has the right to public trial by jury, people have the right to defend themselves in court. Civil Cases.

Front 8

Amendment VIII

Back 8

People are free from cruel and unusual punishment. Gov’t can’t impose excessive bails or fines.

Front 9

Amendment IX

Back 9

People’s rights that aren’t specifically specified in the constitution are protected.

Front 10

Amendment X

Back 10

The state’s and people’s powers are not specified in the constitution. Any power not assumed to Federal Gov’t is given to states.

Front 11

Popular Sovereignty

Back 11

The belief that gov’t gets authority from the people, and that ultimate political power belongs to the people.

Front 12

Limited Government

Back 12

The powers and the functions of the gov’t are restricted, they are limited. The checks and balances limit gov’t (branches and bill of rights)

Front 13

Separation of Powers

Back 13

We have three branches of gov’t: Executive, Legislative, Judicial. The Duties of governing are divided among the three branches.

Front 14

Checks and Balances

Back 14

The ways each branch of gov’t to limit each other. Branches of gov’t must work together to get things done.

Front 15

Judicial Review

Back 15

Determining whether or not a law is constitutional. If a law is unconstitutional, it won’t be passed.

Front 16

Federalism

Back 16

The powers of gov’t are distributed between national and state gov’t, but the central (federal) gov’t has the most power.

Front 17

National Powers

Back 17

Three types of power national gov’t has from the Constitution.

Front 18

Expressed (Explicit)

Back 18

Powers listed in the Constitution to be granted to the national government. (Articles I, II, III)

Front 19

Implied

Back 19

Not specifically listed in the Constitution, but are logical extensions of the expressed powers. (Articles I, VIII, the “necessary and proper” clause)

Front 20

Inherent

Back 20

Power that historically have been recognized as naturally belonging to governments. (Not recognized in any of the Articles)

Front 21

Reserved powers

Back 21

tenth amendment- These powers are not specifically mentioned in the Constitution, but belong to the states because the Constitution neither delegates these powers to the federal gov’t nor prohibits them to the states.

Front 22

Concurrent powers

Back 22

powers held by both state and the national gov’t.-Ultimately, if there is conflict, national gov’t is supreme because of Article VI of the Constitution.

Front 23

Supremacy clause

Back 23

Article VI, The Constitution and the federal laws are the law of the land. States cannot make laws that contradict these.

Front 24

Limits to states’ powers

Back 24

states cannot assume powers that would undermine national unity

Can’t coin money, tax imports or exports from other states, have their own armies, create treaties with other countries, etc.

Front 25

Article 1, Section 10 Full faith and credit clause

Back 25

States must respect the laws and judgement of other states.

Front 26

Dual Federalism

Back 26

the functions of the state and national gov’t remained largely separate

Front 27

Marshall Court

Back 27

chief justice john marshall was a nationalist, his ruling expanded the power of national gov’t

Front 28

Doctrine of Nullification

Back 28

increased the divide among southern states and the union led to the idea that states had the right to nullify laws they believe contradicted their interests

Front 29

Cooperative Federalism

Back 29

programs required cooperation across all levels of gov’t Created by → FDR’s new deal

Front 30

Major change in role of the national govt

Back 30

first time that it assumed responsibility for the social and economic welfare of the people

Front 31

Grants-in-aid

Back 31

increased national gov’t power

Front 32

Regulated Federalism

Back 32

increases the power of federal gov’t over state gov’t

Front 33

Categorical grants

Back 33

grants given to states for specific purposes as determined by federal gov’t

Front 34

Federal Mandates

Back 34

demands on states to carry out certain policies as a condition of receiving

Front 35

New Federalism

Back 35

reflects the return of administrative powers to the state governments

Front 36

Devolution

Back 36

idea that returned to powers back to the states

Front 37

Block Grants

Back 37

given to states for general purposes, gives each state a specific amount of money

Front 38

Fiscal Federalism

Back 38

gives increased national security

Front 39

Article I

Back 39

Outlays the powers of the Legislative Branch

Front 40

Article II

Back 40

Outlays the powers of the Executive Branch

Front 41

Article III

Back 41

Outlays the powers of the Judicial Branch