Cis 123 Final

Front 1

HTTP stands for

Back 1

HyperText Transfer Protocol

Front 2

HTTPS stands for

Back 2

HTTP Secure

Front 3

URL stands for

Back 3

Uniform Resource Locator

Front 4

HTML stands for

Back 4

HyperText Markup Language

Front 5

XML stands for

Back 5

eXtensible Markup Language

Front 6

XHTML stands for

Back 6

eXtensible HTML

Front 7

FTP stands for

Back 7

File Transfer Protocol

Front 8

IM stands for

Back 8

Instant Messaging

Front 9

B2B stands for

Back 9

business-to-business

Front 10

B2C stands for

Back 10

business-to-consumer

Front 11

Web pages are usually written in

Back 11

HTML (or XHTML)

Front 12

An online equivalent to a diary is referred to as a

Back 12

blog (short for Web log)

Front 13

The term used for packaging an audio program, such as a radio show or a lecture, into an MP3 for later download and playback, accompanied by an RSS description and ability to subscribe, is referred to as

Back 13

podcasting

Front 14

A(n) _________ problem is one for which an algorithm exists which can give an optimal or near-optimal solution in finite time

Back 14

structured

Front 15

A(n) _________ problem is one for which no algorithm exists which can give an optimal or near-optimal solution in finite time (often due to unknowns and variability)

Back 15

unstructured

Front 16

A(n) _________ problem is one for which partial solutions may be achieved, but for which variablity and unknowns may still change the expected outcomes.

Back 16

semi-structured

Front 17

DSS stands for

Back 17

decision support systems

Front 18

ES stands for

Back 18

expert systems

Front 19

AI stands for

Back 19

artificial intelligence

Front 20

a representation of reality.

Back 20

model

Front 21

a step-by-step process for solving a problem.

Back 21

algorithm

Front 22

is a computer application that emulates the knowledge of an expert in a narrow field/domain.

Back 22

expert system

Front 23

is hardware or software designed to mimic the way a brain works.

Back 23

neural network?

Front 24

BI stands for

Back 24

business intelligence

Front 25

KM stands for

Back 25

knowledge management

Front 26

OLAP stands for

Back 26

online analytical processing

Front 27

is the process of selecting, exploring, and modeling large amounts of data to discover previously unknown relationships that can support decision making.

Back 27

data mining

Front 28

is a process by which one starts with tables containing broad information and gradually retrieves tables containing more and more detailed information.

Back 28

drilling down

Front 29

SDLC stands for

Back 29

Systems Development Life Cycle

Front 30

ROI stands for

Back 30

Return on Investment

Front 31

TCO stands for

Back 31

Total Cost of Ownership

Front 32

DFD stands for

Back 32

Data Flow Diagram

Front 33

UML stands for

Back 33

Unified Modeling Language

Front 34

is a paragraph the communicates the most important overarching goal of the organization over the next few years.

Back 34

mission statement

Front 35

1. based on a mission statement and states what management expects the organization will look like in order to accomplish its mission.
2. Put the follow

Back 35

vision statement

Front 36

is the fast development of an application based on initial user requirements and several cycles of user input and developer improvements.

Back 36

prototyping

Front 37

is an old system that an organization wants to work with rather than replace (often because they work well even though the technology is old).

Back 37

legacy system.

Front 38

s a study of expected costs versus benefits.

Back 38

cost/benefit analysi

Front 39

refers to traits common across an organization, such as a willingness to share information or hide knowledge.

Back 39

organizational culture.

Front 40

the old and new systems are kept running together until the new system is proven to work. This is expensive, but safe.

Back 40

parallel conversion

Front 41

ASP stands for

Back 41

Application Service Provider

Front 42

SLA stands for

Back 42

Service Level Agreement

Front 43

ERP stands for

Back 43

Enterprise Resource Planning

Front 44

RFI stands for

Back 44

Request for Information

Front 45

RFP stands for

Back 45

Request for Proposal

Front 46

UCITA stands for

Back 46

Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act

Front 47

is comparing one system's performance with another, using a set of non-system-specific criteria. Benchmarking tests should be run under a range of typical usage conditions, including extreme system load.

Back 47

Benchmarking

Front 48

UPS stands for

Back 48

Uninterruptible Power Supply

Front 49

SSL stands for

Back 49

Secure Socket Layer

Front 50

DoS stands for

Back 50

Denial of Service

Front 51

DDoS stands for

Back 51

Distributed Denial of Service

Front 52

is the time during which resources are unavailable.

Back 52

Downtime

Front 53

is a reduction in voltage, which can be much more dangerous for electronics than a blackout.

Back 53

brownout

Front 54

is a loss of power.

Back 54

blackout

Front 55

is when humans deliberately damage or destroy resources just because they want to.

Back 55

vandalism

Front 56

a secure version of HTTP

Back 56

What is HTTPS?

Front 57

is using human weaknesses to gain access to confidential information

Back 57

Social engineering

Front 58

is intercepting keystrokes and either storing them or sending them someplace on the Internet (very useful for stealing usernames, passwords, account information, etc.).

Back 58

Keystroke logging

Front 59

Hardware or software which secretly records keystrokes.

Back 59

keylogger.

Front 60

is done by sending fraudulent messages (typically emails) which lure recipients into going to a fake website to try to get them to enter confidential information.

Back 60

phishing

Front 61

is similar to phishing, but the attack takes place using a fraudulent phone call directing the person to call a malicious number where personal information will be gathered.

Back 61

vishing.

Front 62

is replacing a real website with an imposter to try to get people to enter confidential information.

Back 62

pharming.

Front 63

is a host on the network designed to expect attacks and respond very slowly, allowing the attacker to not get much done and spend enough time on the machine to be tracked.

Back 63

tarpit.

Front 64

is a host on the network designed to lure attackers in so waiting monitors can attempt to track the attacker.

Back 64

honeypot

Front 65

is a piece of data which is extremely unlikely to be accessed legitimately, but which an attacker is likely to access; it has special monitoring to immediately alert system administrators when it is accessed with information about where the access request originated

Back 65

A honeytoken

Front 66

is software designed to spread from one computer to another based on something a user does, such as open a fil

Back 66

virus

Front 67

is software that can spread itself through a network without human intervention.

Back 67

worm

Front 68

is a malicious program disguised as a potentially helpful or useful program; the program may even appear to be carrying out useful tasks while the malicious part of the code silently carries out its tasks or waits for the right time to spring into action. Trojans horses are a form of virus.

Back 68

A Trojan horse

Front 69

is a program where malicious code lies dormant waiting for a specific time or set of conditions to become active and cause damage.

Back 69

logic bomb.

Front 70

is a machine which has been attacked and has been infected with malicious software which awaits commands to carry out DDoS attacks. The user is usually unaware of the problem.

Back 70

zombie.

Front 71

is taking control of a computer or website without the owners consent (generally remotely). Zombies are hijacked computers.

Back 71

hijacking

Front 72

is a transaction that is guaranteed to not be only partially recorded. It is either completely recorded or dropped. Atomic transactions are generally made up from a group of transactions.

Back 72

atomic transaction.

Front 73

is a recorded series of details which log transactions, times, and the people involved. An audit trail can be used to find out where errors or abuses happened. This helps deter abuses.

Back 73

audit trail

Front 74

is hardware and/or software that blocks unauthorized access to a system by blocking unrequested incoming messages and blocking outgoing messages that the computer should not be generating.

Back 74

firewall

Front 75

is a machine that represents all the machines within a network to the external world. This helps focus where security and other control measures are most important.

Back 75

A proxy server

Front 76

is translating a message into an unreadable form for all but the recipient (and possibly the sender).

Back 76

Encryption

Front 77

is translating a message from unreadable ciphertext back into its original plaintext message.

Back 77

Decryption

Front 78

is a message before it is encrypted (or after it is decrypted).

Back 78

Plaintext

Front 79

is a message which has been encrypted.

Back 79

Ciphertext is

Front 80

is when the encryption key and decryption key are the same.

Back 80

Symmetric encryption

Front 81

is when the encryption key and decryption key are different. Each participant has a public and a private key. Someone can encrypt a message using the recipient's public key, which only the recipient can decrypt using their private key.

Back 81

Asymmetric encryption

Front 82

is a synonym for symmetric encryption. Symmetric encryption is when the encryption key and decryption key are the same.

Back 82

Private key encryption

Front 83

is a synonym for asymmetric encryption. Asymmetric encryption is when the encryption key and decryption key are different. Each participant has a public and a private key. Someone can encrypt a message using the recipient's public key, which only the recipient can decrypt using their private key.

Back 83

Public key encryption