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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood Composition |
Plasma Erythrocytes (red blood cells) Leukocytes (white blood cells) Thrombocytes(platelets) |
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Functions of Blood |
Transport (gases, wastes, nutrients) Clotting (to seal injuries) Infection Fighting Communication (hormones) |
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Leukocyte Types |
Phagocytes (swallow invading microbes to destroy them) Lymphocytes (produce antibodies that are used to identify and bind to microbes |
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Arteries |
Carry blood away from the heart Thick walled Elastic Lining smooth for flow Muscular help pump High blood pressure and fast flowing |
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Capillaries |
Diffusion of waste in and out of the blood High to low pressure and slow flowing |
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Veins |
Take blood to heart from capillaries Veins have valves >prevent back-flow Thinner walls than arteries Low pressure and slow flowing against gravity |
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Clot formation |
1. Platelets clump ya the site of the puncture and partially seal the leak 2. Platelets and injured tissue release the enzyme prothrombin activator that changes pro=>thrombin 3. Thrombin acts as an enzyme and serves how short amino acid chains from each fibrinogen molecule 4. These activated chains join and to end to form long ends of fibrin 5. Fibrin threads entangle red cells and platelets in the damaged area and form the framework of the clot |
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Front (Term) |
P = superior Vena Cava (upper body) Q = right atrium (blue) R = right ventricle (blue) S = pulmonary artery (blue) T = pulmonary vein (red) U = left atrium (red) V = left ventricle (red) W = Aorta (red) AV valve between Q and R + U and V Semi lunar between R and S + V W |
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Heartbeat |
Systole = contraction of ventricles Diastole = relaxation of the ventricles Heart beats by itself (intrinsic) <= nodal tissue |
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Sinoatrial Node |
SA pacemaker Located in upper back wall of the right atrium Indicates beat by sending out signal automatically about every .85s to make atria contract |
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AV Node |
Found at the base of right atrium When pulse sent out by SA node reaches AVnide it sends out signal along conducting fibres (Purkinje) |
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Heart Rate Nervous Control |
Medulla oblongata. Speed up or slow downbeat according to stimuli received by the Autonomic Nervous System Speed up = Adrenaline, low blood pressure/oxygen/pH Slow down = High blood pressure/oxygen/pH |
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Coronary Arteries and Viens |
Supply blood to the heart Branch off aorta above the semilunar valve Coronary veins empty to right atrium Coronary arteries become plugged(Cholesterol) = heart attack |
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Hypotension |
Low blood pressure >Dehydration >Bleeding >Organ inflammation >Heart problems |
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Hypertension |
High blood pressure >Smoking >Obesity >Diabetes >Lack of physical activity >Sodium and salt sensitivity >Low calcium, magnesium, potassium >Stress >Alcohol >Diet(High cholesterol) >Aging >Drugs |
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Pathogen |
An organism or virus(biological agent) that can cause disease >Bacteria, fungus, protist nematode |
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Antibiotics |
Block metabolic pathways in bacteria but not eukaryotic cells >Cell wall formation >70 ribosomes used in protein synthesis >Bacteria specific enzymes involved with metabolism |
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Bacteriostatic |
Stop further growth but can't kill existing cells |
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Bacteriocidal |
Kills microbes |
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Viruses and antibodies |
Only reproduce using host cell metabolic pathways Only the specific anti-viral agent will treat it |
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Non-specific Immunity |
Physical Barriers >Skin >Lungs >Cilia Lysozyme >Pathogens gone pH >Not good for things Fatty acids Sweat and Saliva >keep things in check with agents Phagocytes >Whiteblood cells Swelling >Histamine => dilute toxins Fever >^temp = not good |
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Leukocyte Types |
Phagocytes >seek invaders and destroy Lymphocytes >Identify and produce antibodies |
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Specific Immunity |
Macrophages >Eat foreign pathogen and display antigens in surface T cell lymphocytes >match=activation of Thymus gland(T cell maker) T cell protein => B cells >Makes antibodies against antigens B cell lymphocytes secretes plasma cells >long lasting memory cells Antibodies hug antigens and >aggluates cells together >Yo phagocytes eat us >Can't enter cells |
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Passive VS Active Immunity |
Passive = Needs another organisms antibodies Active = Immune response => memory cells => longterm immunity |
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HIV Infection |
HIV targets helper T lymphocytes which regulate adaptive immune system Virus reproduces slowly Virus reactivates and destroys T cells Reduced immunity Opportunistic infections |
