Circulation And Gas Exchange In Animals

Front 1

Open circulatory system

Back 1

A circulatory system in which fluid called hemolymph bathes the tissues and organs directly and there is no distinction between the circulatory fluid and the interstitial fluid

Ex. Found in arthropods and molluscs

Front 2

Closed circulatory system

Back 2

A circulatory system in which blood is confined to vessels and is kept seprrate from the interstitial fluid heart

Front 3

Heart

Back 3

A muscular pump that uses metabolic energy to elevate the hydrostatic pressure of the circulatory fluid (blood or hemolymph).

Front 4

Cardiovascular system

Back 4

A closed circulatory system with a heartlands branching network of arteries, capillaries, veins. This system is a Characteristic of Vertebrates

Front 5

Artery

Back 5

A vessel that carries blood away from the heart to organs throughout body

Front 6

Artery

Back 6

A vessel that carries blood away from the heart to organs throughout body

Front 7

Arterioles

Back 7

a vessel that conveys blood between an artery and a capillary bed

Front 8

Capillary bed

Back 8

A network of capillaries in a organ

Front 9

Capillary

Back 9

A microscopic blood vessel that penetrates the tissues and consist of a single layer of endothelial cells that allow exchange between the blood and interstitial fluid

Front 10

Venules

Back 10

A vessel that conveys blood between a capillary bed and a vein

Front 11

Vein

Back 11

A vessel that carries blood toward the heart

Front 12

Hepatic portal vein

Back 12

Carries blood from capillary bed in digestive system to capillary beds in the liver

Front 13

Hepatic portal vein

Back 13

Carries blood from capillary bed in digestive system to capillary beds in the liver

Front 14

Hepatic vein

Back 14

Once the blood from the digestive system reached the liver, the blood from the liver than passes into the hepatic vein, which conducts blood toward the heart

Front 15

Atria

Back 15

Chamber that receives blood from body

Front 16

Atria

Back 16

Chamber that receives blood from body

Front 17

Ventricle

Back 17

Chamber that's responsible for pumping blood it of heart to the body

Front 18

Single circulation

Back 18

A circulatory system consisting of a single pump and circuit, in which blood passes from the sites of gas exchange to the rest of the body before returning to the heart

Ex. Fish

Hint 18

Front 19

Double circulation

Back 19

A circulatory system consisting of separate pulmonary and systemic circuits, in which blood passes through the heart after completing each circuit

Front 20

Systemic circuit

Back 20

The branch of the circulatory system that supplies oxygenated blood to and carries deoxygenated blood away from organs and tissues throughout the body

Front 21

Pulmonary circuit

Back 21

The branch of the circulatory system that supplies the lungs

Front 22

Pulmocutaneous circuit

Back 22

A circulatory system in many amphibians that supplies the lungs and skin

Hint 22

Front 23

Cardiac cycle

Back 23

The alternating contractions and relaxations of the heart

Front 24

Systole

Back 24

Contraction of heart

Front 25

Systole

Back 25

Contraction of heart

Front 26

Diastole

Back 26

Relaxation phase of heart

Front 27

Cardiac output

Back 27

The volume of blood pumped power minute by each ventricle of the heart

Front 28

Systole

Back 28

Contraction of heart

Front 29

Diastole

Back 29

Relaxation phase of heart

Front 30

Cardiac output

Back 30

The volume of blood pumped power minute by each ventricle of the heart

Front 31

Heart rate

Back 31

Frequency of heart contraction in beats per minute

Front 32

Stroke volume

Back 32

Amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in a single contraction. About 70mL.

72 beats per minute

Front 33

Atrioventricular valve

Back 33

Lies between each atriumand ventricle

Front 34

Atrioventricular valve

Back 34

Lies between each atria and ventricle

Front 35

Seminar valve

Back 35

Located at the two exits of the ventricle

Front 36

Lymphatic system

Back 36

A system of vessels and nodes, separate from the circulatory system, that returns fluid, proteins, and cells to the blood.

Front 37

Lymph

Back 37

The colourless fluid, derived from interestrial fluid, in the lymphatic system of Vertebrates.

Front 38

Plasma

Back 38

The liquid matrix of blood in which blood cells are suspended.

90% water

Front 39

Platelets

Back 39

Fragments of cells from a bone marrow cell involved in blood clotting

Front 40

Erythrocyte

Back 40

A blood cell that contains hemoglobin, an iron containing protein, which transports oxygen. Also called a red blood cell

Front 41

Leukocytes

Back 41

A blood cell that functions in fighting infections. Also called a white blood cell.

Front 42

Thrombus

Back 42

A clot that forms in a blood vessel and blocks the flow of blood

Front 43

Gas exchange

Back 43

The uptake of molecular oxygen from the environment and discharge of CO2 into the environment

Front 44

Partial pressure

Back 44

The pressure exerted by a particular gas in a mixture of gases(for instance, the pressure exerted by oxygen in air )

Front 45

Ventilation

Back 45

The flow of air or water over a respiratory surface

Front 46

Countercurrent exchange

Back 46

The exchange of a substance or heat between two fluid flowing in opposite directions

Ex. Blood in a fish gill flows in the opposite direction of water padding over the gill, maximizing diffusion of oxygen into and CO2 out of the blood

Front 47

Tracheal system

Back 47

In insects, a system of branched, air filled tube that extend throughout the body and carries oxygen directly to Cells

Front 48

Lungs

Back 48

An infolded respiratory surface of a terrestrial vertebrate, that connects to atmosphere by narrow tubes.found in open circulatory systems. Functions for gas exchange.

Front 49

Larynx

Back 49

Containing the vocal cords. Above trachae

Front 50

Trachea

Back 50

After larynx the trachae extends to the bronchi (wind pipe)

Front 51

Bronchi

Back 51

Trachae branches into two bronchi, one leading to each lung.

Front 52

Bronchi

Back 52

Trachae branches into two bronchi, one leading to each lung.

Front 53

Bronchioles

Back 53

Bronchi branched into finer tubes that transport air to alveoli

Front 54

Alveoli

Back 54

Air sacs clustered at the tip of the bronchioles

Front 55

Surfactant

Back 55

A substance secreted by alveoli that decrease surface tension in the fluid that coats the alveoli

Front 56

Back 56

Ventilation

Front 57

Breathing

Back 57

Process that ventilates lungs. Alternating inhalation and exhalation of air

Front 58

Positive pressure breathing

Back 58

A breathing system in which air is forced into lungs. Amphibians use this method

Ex.frogs

Front 59

Parabronchi

Back 59

Gas exchange In bird lungs by tiny channels.

Requires two cycle of inhalation and exhalation

Front 60

Negative breathing pressure

Back 60

Found in mammals. A breathing System in which air is pulled into lungs

Front 61

Diaphragm

Back 61

A sheet of muscle that forms the the bottom of thoracic cavity. Contraction of diaphragm pulls air into lungs

Front 62

Inspiration

Back 62

Thoriac cavity moves up and out and the diagram moved down. Breathing in

Front 63

Inspiration

Back 63

Thoriac cavity moves up and out and the diagram moved down. Breathing in.

Active and requires work

Front 64

Expiration

Back 64

Causes the interstitial muscles to relax which allows the thoriac cavity (rib cage) to fall down and in and the diagram moved up.

Passive

Front 65

Front (Term)

Back 65

Variations in vertebrate

Front 66

Respiratory pigments

Back 66

A protein that transports oxygen in blood or hemolymph. They increase the amount of oxygen that can be carried in the circulatory fluid. Consist of a distinctive colour and a protein bound to a metal

Front 67

Bohr shift

Back 67

A lowering of hemoglobin for oxygen, caused by a drop in pH. It facilitates the release of oxygen from hemoglobin in active tissue