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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What can be found in the plasma? (6)
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Antibodies, nutrients (inc. glucose), waste products, red and white blood cells, blood platelets.
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What is the purpose of red blood cells?
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To transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues.
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How does a red blood cell transport oxygen?
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Haemoglobin + oxygen = oxyhaemoglobin when in the lungs. Haemoglobin is present in red blood cells.
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How is a red blood cell specialised for its purpose?
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A red blood cell is biconcave, giving it a larger surface area to absorb oxygen. They are also very small, meaning that they can travel through capillaries.
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What is a phagocyte?
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A phagocyte is a type of white blood cell that engulfs and digests pathogens by phagicytosis.
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What is a lymphocyte?
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A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell that secretes antibodies to destroy pathogens.
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What is the function of an artery?
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An artery carries the blood away from the heart at high pressure.
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How is an artery adapted to its purpose?
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An artery has thick, muscular walls built to withstand high pressure.
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What is the function of a vein?
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A vein returns blood to the heart at low pressure.
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How is a vein adapted to its purpose?
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A vein has valves to prevent the backflow of blood, and a large diameter to prevent flow resistance.
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What is the purpose of a capillary?
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A capillary allows the exchange of materials between blood and tissues.
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How is a capillary adapted to its purpose?
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A capillary has one cell thick walls to make it easy for materials to diffuse through them.
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What is double circulation?
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Double circulation is a circulatory system where some blood is sent to the lungs and some to the body.
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Why is the wall of the left ventricle thicker than that of the right?
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The left ventricle must exert higher pressure in order to send blood all arund the body, and therefore needs a thicker wall to withstand it.
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How does a stent work?
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A stent is a thin mesh entered into a artery and inflated to keep the artery wide enough for blood to flow through it.
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Where is the pacemaker located?
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In the right atrium.
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Where does blood enter the heart?
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The atria.
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What problems may occur with a heart valve?
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A heart valve may become stiff or develop a leak, making it less effective.
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How can a faulty heart valve be replaced?
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With a mechanical or animal heart valve.
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Why does a red blood cell have no nucleus?
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So it can be packed with more haemoglobin.
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What is the purpose of a platelet?
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A platelet is a small fragment of a cell that causes clotting in the blood.
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How does blood clotting occur?
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Fibinogen, a solute in the plasma, becomes fibrin, a network of fibres that trap the red blood cells.
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What are antigens?
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Antigens are proteins on the surface of cells.
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What is tissue typing?
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Tissue typing is when a donor organ is chosen with a matching tissue type to the recipient, so their antibodies will not attack the antigens on the donor organ.
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Why is blood group O known as the universal donor?
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Because it has no antigens, so isn't attacked by the recipient's antibodies.
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