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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Medieval Church Period
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590-1517
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Dark Ages
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476-1000
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Gregory the Great
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+ Came up with the chant as a meditation technique for monks
+ Promoted monasticism and used his wealth to build monasteries + Zealous for missions + First Pope + Wrote Magna Moralia in which he views Job as a type of Christ + One of the four great Doctors of the Western Church |
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John the Faster
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+ Claimed the title of "ecumenical" bishop during the time of Gregory the Great
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Augustine the Monk
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Sent to England by Gregory the Great in 597 and made many converts including Ricared, leader of the Visigoths.
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Key themes in Gregory the Great's Teachings:
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+ Original sin
+ Men inherit sin from Adam, but do not inherit guilt from Adam + Free will + Does not believe in irresistible grace + Believed in Purgatory + Believed in the inspiration of Scripture + Held to both the Bible and Tradition as authority + Saw the Mass as a sacrifice + Transubstantiation |
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622
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Muhammed flees from Mecca to Medina
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632
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Islam begins to unite tribes; Muhammed's death
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732
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Charles Martel defeats the Turks at the Battle of Tours, and they invade Spain.
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Effects of Muslim Invasion on Christianity
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1) The Church was greatly weakened and thrown into confusion
2) The relationship between Western and Eastern Church was greatly strained 3) North Africa became completely lost |
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1453
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Byzantine Empire crumbles under Muslims and becomes the Ottoman Empire
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Thomas Kayhill
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How the Irish Saved Civilization
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Aidan
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Evangelized the Northumbrians in 635, then went on to establish Lindisfarne
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Oswy
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Leader of the Anglo-Saxons who opted for Roman Catholicism as a political move and affirmed apostolic succession
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Lombards
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A violent barbarian group in the foothills of the Alps of Northern Italy. The Pope formed an alliance with the Frankish kings for military support against the Lombards.
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Clovis
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United the Franks. He married the Christian Clotilda of the Burgundians and converted in 496.
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Merovingian Kings
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Emerge after the reign of Clovis. Some of the most corrupt rulers in the history of Western Civ.
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Pepin of Heristal
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First palace mayor to reunite the divided possessions of Clovis
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Pepin the Short or Pepin the Great
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The first Carolingian King. Deposed Childerich.
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800
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Charlemagne crowned Emperor
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Donation of Constantine
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A letter supposedly written by Constantine. States that the Pope inherits all of Rome and Western Europe. The Pope is head over all temporal heads.
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Lorenzo Valla
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In 1440, he determines that the Donation of Constantine was a forgery.
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Treaty of Verdun
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Divided up Charlemagne's empire between his three sons.
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Trivium
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Study of
1) Grammar 2) Logic 3) Rhetoric |
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Quadrivium
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Study of
1) Music 2) Astronomy 3) Arithmetic 4) Geometry |
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John of Damascus
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+ Leading figure of the Eastern Church
+ Wrote Fountain of Wisdom |
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Three Classes within Feudalism:
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1) Prayers (clergy)
2) Protectors (kings and knights) 3) Providers (serfs) |
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Peace of God
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A rule that stated knights could not rob anyone, quarrel, dual, or attack someone who is unarmed. The Peace of God became part of the chivalric code.
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Truce of God
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A rule that stated knights could only fight from Monday morning until dusk on Wednesday
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Importance of the Carolingian Empire
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1) Modern France and Germany emerged from its ruins
2) It fought with the papacy for supremacy 3) Created the problem of whether the Church or State was the representative of Deity on earth |
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Canute
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Controlled much of Scandinavia. He converted in 1000.
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Paschasius Radbertus
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Wrote Of the Body and Blood of the Lord that set forth the doctrine of transubstantiation.
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1545
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Council of Trent. The doctrine of transubstantiation was fully defined at this council.
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Nicholas I
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+ Insisted on the authority of the Pope
+ He attempted to control the Emperor and the Patriarch of Constantine |
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Nicholas II
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+ Founded the College of the Cardinals in 1059
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The Schism
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+ Patriarch of Constantinople condemned the West for using unleavened bread in the Mass
+ Pope Leo IX sent Humbert to Constantinople + Humbert excommunicates Cerularius, Patriarch of Constantinople + Cerularius responds by excommunicating Leo IX |
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Results of the Schism of 1054
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1) No cooperation between the Eastern and Western churches
2) The Eastern Orthodox Church was cut off from all kinds of developments 3) The Eastern Church was not effected by the Renaissance or Enlightenment 4) The Eastern Church did not expand other than to evangelize Russia |
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Gregory VII
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+ Known as Hildebrand before he became Gregory VII
+ Desires to reform the Church + Desires for the cardinals to elect the Pope + Believed the Church should control civil power + Power struggle between Gregory and Henry IV + Originates the concept of ex cathedra or infallibility of the Pope |
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Dictatus Papae
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An edict that claimed the absolute power of the Pope
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Innocent III
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+ Became Pope in 1198
+ Even more exalted view of the Pope than Gregory + Saw the Church as the Sun and the State as the moon + Controlled Philip II of France + Forbade people from reading the Bible + Calls the Fourth Lateran Council in which he insists that every Roman Catholic practice confession once a year and makes Easter mass and transubstantiation mandatory |
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Boniface VIII
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+ Papal power declines
+ Issues the papal bull Clericus Laicos which claims that clergy are no longer allowed to pay taxes to temporal lords + Was removed to Avignon, France in 1309 |
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Unam Sanctum
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Papal Bull issued by Innocent III that states that salvation and remission of sins cannot be found outside the Roman Catholic Church and that submission to the Pope was necessary for salvation
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