Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are chromosomes made of? |
DNA |
|
|
What do chromosomes carry? |
Genes, which code for characteristics |
|
|
How do genes code characteristics? |
A section of DNA is a gene. This gene is made of a specific order of bases. This section of DNA is duplicated to make RNA The RNA is released through the pores of the nucleus and is brought to the ribosomes. The ribosomes produce specific proteins, and the characteristics produced are therefore controlled. |
|
|
Describe how chromosomes are found in body cells |
They are found in the nucleus in pairs, with one chromosome given by each parent. |
|
|
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? |
23 pairs |
|
|
What do genes code? |
They code for a particular sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein. This sequence is given by the order of bases in a gene. |
|
|
What is DNA made of? |
Repeating units called nucleotides, which make a Polymer. |
|
|
What do nucleotides consist of? |
A sugar A Phosphate One of the four bases Anine Guanine Thymine Cytosine |
|
|
How is DNA structured? |
A polymer made of repeating nucleotides The nucleotides form long strands Each molecule has two alternating sugar and phosphate strands. These are twisted to to form a double helix. |
|
|
What holds the sugar and phosphate strands together? |
The attraction between the different bases. |
|
|
What does the order of bases in DNA control? |
The order in which amino acids are joined together to make a particular protein. |
|
|
How are proteins made? |
Proteins are synthesised on ribosomes using RNA, which is a duplicated section of DNA (gene) carried out of the nucleus. Carrier molecules bring specific amino acids to add to the growing protein chain in the correct order.
When the protein chain is finished, it folds to form a specific shape.
This shape allows proteins to do their jobs as enzymes, hormones or structural proteins. |
|
|
What is collagen |
Structural protein |
