Chp.6 Chemistry & Chemical Saftey

Front 1

Acidic solution

Back 1

A solution that has a pH below 7 (neutral)

Hint 1

pH below 7

Front 2

Acid- alkali neutralization reactions

Back 2

When acids are mixed with alkalis in equal proportions, balancing the total pH and forming water (H2O) and a salt

Hint 2

Balancing the total pH

Front 3

Alkaline solution

Back 3

A solution that has a pH above 7 (neutral)

Hint 3

pH above 7

Front 4

Alkalis

Back 4

Also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts

Hint 4

React with acids

Front 5

Alkanolamines

Back 5

Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products

Hint 5

Neutralize hair products

Front 6

Alpha hydroxyl acids

Back 6

Abbreviated AHAs; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin

Hint 6

Acids derived from plants (mostly fruits)

Front 7

Ammonia

Back 7

Colorless has with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen

Hint 7

Gas w/ pungent odor

Front 8

Anion

Back 8

An ion with a negative electrical charge

Hint 8

Negative

Front 9

Atoms

Back 9

The smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element

Hint 9

Smallest chemical component

Front 10

Carcinogen

Back 10

A substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer

Hint 10

Cause cancer

Front 11

Cation

Back 11

An ion with a positive electrical charge

Hint 11

Positive charge

Front 12

Chemical change

Back 12

A change in the chemical composition or makeup of a substance

Hint 12

Makeup of a substance (change)

Front 13

Chemical properties

Back 13

Characteristics that can be determined only by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance

Hint 13

Determined by a chemical reaction

Front 14

Chemistry

Back 14

Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions

Hint 14

Science that deals w/ composition

Front 15

Combustible

Back 15

Material that is capable of igniting and burning

Hint 15

Bust - Burn

Front 16

Combustion

Back 16

Rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light

Hint 16

Heat and light

Front 17

Compound molecules

Back 17

Also known as compounds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions

Hint 17

Combination of two or more atoms

Front 18

Electrons

Back 18

Subatomic particles with a negative charge

Hint 18

Particle w/ negative charge

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Element

Back 19

The simplest form of chemical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance w/o a loss of identity

Hint 19

Simple form of a chemical

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Element molecule

Back 20

Molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions

Hint 20

Molecule w/ two or more atoms

Front 21

Emulsifier

Back 21

An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable mixture

Hint 21

Brings two materials together (fuse)

Front 22

Emulsion

Back 22

An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not stay mixed) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier

Hint 22

Unstable physical mixture

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Endothermic reaction

Back 23

Chemical reaction that requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to occur

Hint 23

External source

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Exothermic reaction

Back 24

Chemical reaction that releases a significant amount of heat

Hint 24

Release heat

Front 25

Flammable

Back 25

Material that is cable of igniting and burning, an easier to ignite than combustible material

Hint 25

Easier to burn

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Glycerin

Back 26

Sweet, colorless, oily substance used a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams

Hint 26

Solvent and moisturizer

Front 27

Glycolic acid

Back 27

An alpha hydroxy acid used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products

Hint 27

Used in exfoliation

Front 28

Hydrophilic

Back 28

Capable of combining w/ or attracting water (water-loving)

Hint 28

Hydro water

Front 29

Immiscible

Back 29

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions

Hint 29

Liquids that cannot be mixed

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Incompatible

Back 30

Substances that should not be mixed or even stored near each other

Hint 30

Incapable of being together

Front 31

Ion

Back 31

An atom or molecule that carried an electrical charge

Hint 31

Electrical

Front 32

Ionization

Back 32

The separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions

Hint 32

Separate (organization)

Front 33

Lipophilic

Back 33

Having an affinity for or an attractions to fats or oils (oil loving)

Hint 33

Lipo- Fat

Front 34

Matter

Back 34

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

Hint 34

Any substance

Front 35

Miscible

Back 35

Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning that they can be mixed together to form stable solutions

Hint 35

Form stable solutions

Front 36

Molecule

Back 36

A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions

Hint 36

Two or more atoms

Front 37

Mutagen

Back 37

A substance that can cause an increase in cellar mutations, some of which are harmful but other which have little or no effect on the body’s function; may cause cancer but not always

Hint 37

Cellular mutation

Front 38

Neutrons

Back 38

subatomic particles w/ no charge

Hint 38

No charge (neutral)

Front 39

Oil- in- water emulsion

Back 39

Abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulsified in water

Hint 39

Emulsified

Front 40

Overexposure

Back 40

Prolonged, repeated, or long-term exposure that can cause sensitivity

Hint 40

Long- term exposure

Front 41

Oxidation reduction

Back 41

Also know as redox; a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen)

Hint 41

Oxidizing agent is reduced

Front 42

Oxidizing agent

Back 42

A substance that releases oxygen

Hint 42

Oxidizing oxygen

Front 43

pH

Back 43

The abbreviation used for potential hydrogen. pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions

Hint 43

Quantity of hydrogen ions

Front 44

pH scale

Back 44

A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance; the pH scale has a range of 0-14, with 7 being neutral. A pH below 7 is an acidic solution, a pH above 7 is an alkaline solution

Hint 44

Scale from 0-14

Front 45

Physical change

Back 45

A change in the form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance

Hint 45

Physical properties of a substance

Front 46

Physical mixture

Back 46

A physical combination of matter in any proportion

Hint 46

Combination

Front 47

Physical properties

Back 47

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in a substance

Hint 47

Characteristics

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Protons

Back 48

Subatomic particles with a positive charge

Hint 48

Partial positive charge

Front 49

Pure substance

Back 49

A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions

Hint 49

Fixed proportions

Front 50

Reducing agent

Back 50

A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound

Hint 50

Subtracts oxygen

Front 51

Oxidizing agent

Back 51

A substance that releases oxygen

Hint 51

Oxidizing oxygen

Front 52

pH

Back 52

The abbreviation used for potential hydrogen. pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions

Hint 52

Quantity of hydrogen ions

Front 53

pH scale

Back 53

A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance; the pH scale has a range of 0-14, with 7 being neutral. A pH below 7 is an acidic solution, a pH above 7 is an alkaline solution

Hint 53

Scale from 0-14

Front 54

Physical change

Back 54

A change in the form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance

Hint 54

Physical properties of a substance

Front 55

Physical mixture

Back 55

A physical combination of matter in any proportion

Hint 55

Combination

Front 56

Physical properties

Back 56

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in a substance

Hint 56

Characteristics

Front 57

Protons

Back 57

Subatomic particles with a positive charge

Hint 57

Partial positive charge

Front 58

Pure substance

Back 58

A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions

Hint 58

Fixed proportions

Front 59

Reducing agent

Back 59

A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound

Hint 59

Subtracts oxygen

Front 60

Safety data sheet

Back 60

Required by law for all products sold; SDS’s include safety information about products complied by the manufacturer, including hazardous ingredients, safe use and handling procedures, proper disposal guideline, and precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure

Hint 60

Safety info

Front 61

Silicones

Back 61

Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water- resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers

Hint 61

Silicone lubricant

Front 62

Sodium hydroxide

Back 62

A very strong alkali used in chemical products and cleaners; commonly known as lye

Hint 62

Chemical cleaner

Front 63

Solute

Back 63

The substance that is dissolved in a solution

Hint 63

Dissolved

Front 64

Solution

Back 64

A stable, uniform mixture of two or more substances

Hint 64

Mixture

Front 65

Silicones

Back 65

Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water- resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers

Hint 65

Silicone lubricant

Front 66

Sodium hydroxide

Back 66

A very strong alkali used in chemical products and cleaners; commonly known as lye

Hint 66

Chemical cleaner

Front 67

Solute

Back 67

The substance that is dissolved in a solution

Hint 67

Dissolved in a solution

Front 68

Solution

Back 68

A stable, uniform mixture of two or more substances

Hint 68

Mixture

Front 69

Surfactants

Back 69

A contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify

Hint 69

Substance that allows oil and water to mix

Front 70

Suspensions

Back 70

Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid

Hint 70

Undissolved

Front 71

Thioglycolic acid

Back 71

A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions

Hint 71

Strong odor

Front 72

Volatile alcohols

Back 72

Alcohols that evaporate easily

Hint 72

Evaporate easily

Front 73

Volatile organic compounds

Back 73

Abbreviated VOC’s; compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily (volatile)

Hint 73

Contain carbon

Front 74

Water in oil emulsion

Back 74

Abbreviated W/O emulsion; water droplets emulsified in oil

Hint 74

Emulsified