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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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g protein pathways; sweet |
blocks k+ flow (outflow) |
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g protein pathways ; bitter |
stimulates ca+ influx |
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ion channel pathways; salt |
na+ influx |
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ion channel pathways; sour |
influx of h+ from substance, blocks k+ (outflux) |
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transmission |
afferent pathway into cns |
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projection |
information sent to different parts of brain |
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visceral receptors |
internal organs |
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somatic |
skin, touch, pressure, muscle |
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proprioceptors |
muscles, tendons and joints. Indicate body orientation and muscle/joint position |
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mechanioreceptors |
shape change, touch, pressure, gravity stretcthing movement |
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chemoreceptors |
chemical compounds
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photoreceptors |
light energy
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thermoreceptors
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temperature. used by parasites to find endothermic host, predators used to located endothermic prey
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electroreceptors |
sense electric potentials (currents) may be used to locate prey; earths magnetic field |
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nocireceptors |
pain. free nerve endings on certain sensory neurons
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what type of receptor is a merkel cell |
unencapsulated, found in the skin. |
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merkel cells |
sense light touch and adapt slowly |
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Merkel cells are phasic? T or F |
False, they are tonic, slow acting |
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Example of a Phasic receptor |
pressure, touch fast adapting |
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Example of Tonic receptor |
pain, slow adapting |
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Type of stimulus that is picked up by taste and smell receptors |
Chemicals |
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What sense of taste is not common to all humans? |
Umani, (glutamate) |
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This structure consists of a receptor, and is surrounded by connective tissue layer |
Encapsulated |
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This encapsulated receptor is sensitive to light touches and vibrations, adapts quickly. |
Messiner Corpuscles |
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Rufini Corpuscles |
Encapsulated receptor; continuous pressure and skin strecthing, adapt slowly |
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Apex |
Lower Freq. |
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Three bones in the inner ear? |
Staples, Incus, Malleus |
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What type of receptors are stimulated in the process of hearing? |
Sterocillia |
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Where is the Sterocillia located?
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base of cochela |
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What is the function of the ossicles? |
Transfer vibrations into cochela
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Mixed function nerve |
Vestibulocochela nerve |
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Spiral Tube |
connects to middle ear via oval window |
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organ of corti |
uses hair cells to detect sound pressure (sterocillia) ; house and stimulate hearing organ |
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Pitch |
Depends on frequency of waves (hertz, hz) |
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tone |
depends on harmonics produced
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loundness |
depends on wave amplitude |
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lifespan of taste buds |
ten days |
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location of taste receptors |
papillae on tounge |
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smell |
olfaction |
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texture |
mechanoreceptors |
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temperature |
thermoreceptors |
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spciness |
pain, specific to taste, touch and thermoreceptors |
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temperature |
thermoreceptors |
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saccule |
vertical acceleration; front to back tilt |
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utricle |
horizontal acceleration; left to right tilt |
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crista |
detects angular acceleration ; receptor hair cells embedded in jelly like cupula (cup or dome) |
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ampulla |
houses the sensory unit, crista ampullaris |
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lens |
concentrates light and focus image on photoreceptors |
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brain |
interprets image coming in along optic tract |
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waves in ___ cause waves in ____ |
vestibuli / tympani |
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pressure window makes _____ bulge inward |
oval window |
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what is the term for changing one stimulus into another form? |
transduction |
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what is the importance of the mucus covering the olfactory receptors? |
traps molecules for smells, keeps out bacteria |
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aqueous humor |
anterior cavity between cornea and lens
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viterous humor |
posterior cavity between lens and retina
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fovea |
concentration of cones keenest vision
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blind spot |
no receptors optic nerve exits cranial nerve 2
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accomodation |
change in lens shape to focus image on retina |
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emmetropia |
normal |
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myopia |
near sighted, image in front of retina |
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hypermetropia |
far sighted, image behind the retina |
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astigmatism |
irregularities in cornea or lens |
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presbyopia |
old age, loss of near vision as accomodation decreases
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color blindness |
inherited && linked conditions. occurs when there is a deficiency of one or more types of cones. |
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cornea |
thinner, transparent sclera, initial focusing
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iris |
smooth muscle regulates pupil size and light entry
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pupil |
center hole
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lens |
transparent elastic focuses image on retina |
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ciliary body |
ciliary processes secrete fluid ciliary muscle change lens shape |
