Chp 25 Depression

Front 1

Depression

Back 1

It is normal for everybody to feel sadness or down.... Depression occurs when adaptation is in effective and the symptoms are significant enough to impair functioning.

Front 2

Mood

Back 2

An emotion that has a profound influence on a person's perception of the world.

A flat affect is common is severely depressed clients

Front 3

Depression

Back 3

An alteration in mood expressed by feelings of sadness, despair, and pessimism. there is a loss of interest in usual activities and somatic symptoms may be evident. Changes in appetite, sleep patterns, and cognition are common.

Front 4

Depression continued

Back 4

Major depressive disorder is one of the leading cause of disability. This increases the risk for coronary artery disease.... It is higher in women especially those over age 65. It is also more common in low class and this could be due to lack of access to resources and early treatment along with increased stressors.

Front 5

MDD

Back 5

Is characterized by depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities, impaired social and occupational functioning that has existed for at least two weeks, no history of manic behavior, and symptoms that cannot be attributed to the use of substances or other medical conditions. It will be specified as either a single episode what should be the first encounter or recurrent which is a history major depressive episodes.

Front 6

MDD continued

Back 6

The diagnosis will also identify the degree of severity of symptoms which is mild moderate or severe and whether there is evidence of psychotic, catatonic, are melancholic features. The presence of anxiety and severely of suicide risk may also be noted.

Front 7

MDD diagnosis

Back 7

Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day which can be subjective or objectivly identified.

diminish interest or pleasure in all or most activities of the day nearly every day

Significant weight loss when not dieting which is 5% of body weight in a month or an increase or decrease in appetite nearly every day

Insomnia or hypersomnia everyday

Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day

Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day

Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt nearly every day

Diminished ability to think or concentrate or indecisiveness,

Front 8

MDD continued diagnosis

Back 8

The symptoms caused significant distress or impairment in social, occupation, or other important areas of functioning.

the episode is not attributed to the physiological effects of a substance or another medical condition.

There has never been a manic episode or hypomanic episode

Front 9

Persistent depressive disorder dysthmia

Back 9

Characteristics of dysthmia are similar to but milder than those in MDD. People with this describe their mood as sad we're down in the dumps. There are no evidence of psychotic symptoms. The essential feature is a chronically depressed mood for most of the day more days than not, for at least 2 years. The diagnosis is early-onset it before 21 or late onset at age 21 or older.

Front 10

Persistent depressive disorder dysthymia diagnostics

Back 10

Presents while depressed dot-dot-dot poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self-esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, feelings of hopelessness which they must have had for at least 2 years

There has never been a manic episode or hypomanic episode in or not due to substance abuse

what symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning

Front 11

PDP vs. MDD

Back 11

People with MDD have a normal mood baseline when they’re not experiencing depression.People with PDD experience depression all the time and don’t remember — or know — what it feels like not to be depressed.Time is also a consideration in diagnosing the two conditions:For a diagnosis of MDD, symptoms must last at least two weeks.For a diagnosis of PDD, symptoms must have been present for at least two years.

Front 12

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

Back 12

markedly depressed mood, excessive anxiety, mood swings, and decrease interest next two days during the week prior to menses, improving shortly after the onset of menstruation and then clearing up

Front 13

Substance / medication-induced depressive disorder

Back 13

The direct result of physiological effects of substance such as a drug, medication, or a toxin. It causes significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning. The depressed mood is associated with intoxication or withdrawal from substances such as alcohol, cocaine, sedated, hypnotics, or anxioletics.

Front 14

Depressive disorder due to another medical condition

Back 14

A depressive episode that are caused by physiological consequence of another medical illness.

Front 15

Causes

Back 15

May be related to deficiency of neurotransmitters which are norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine. Norepinephrine is known to help the body deal with stressful situations. Serotonin is needed in the regulation of mood, anxiety, arousal, vigilance, irritability, thinking, cognition, appetite, aggression, sleep-wake cycles, eating, an intestinal motility. Ssris increase serotonin levels.

Front 16

Secondary depression

Back 16

Occur as a consequence of an on mood disorder or as an adverse effect of certain medications. and be related to medication side effects, and your logical disorders, electrolyte or hormonal disturbances, nutritional deficiencies

Front 17

Medications that can cause depression

Back 17

Antihypertensive than statins including beta blockers and calcium channel blockers, steroids, antibacterial agents

Front 18

Neurological disorders and electrolyte disturbances

Back 18

A patient who has had a CVA or brain tumor particularly and the temporal lobe can cause symptoms of depression. Agitated depression is associated with Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. agitation and restlessness may also represent underlying depression and someone with MS. Excessive levels of sodium bicarb or calcium can produce symptoms of depression as well as deficits in magnesium and sodium.

Front 19

Hormonal disturbances

Back 19

Depression is also associated with adrenal pathology such as Addison's disease and Cushing's syndrome. Hypoparathyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism can also cause depression. An imbalance in estrogen and progesterone is associated with pmdd.

Front 20

Nutritional deficit deficiencies

Back 20

Deficiencies in proteins, carbohydrates, vitamin b1, B2, b6, b9, B12, iron, zinc, calcium, iodine, lithium, potassium, and Omega-3 have also been associated with symptoms of depression. As well as vitamin d. this is why individuals with anorexia nervosa have significant nutritional deficiencies commonly have depression.

Front 21

All of the above are due to secondary depression from other causes

Back 21

.

Front 22

Cognitive therapy

Back 22

Focuses on helping the individual alter mood by changing the way they think. individuals taught to control negative thought distortions that lead to pessimism, lethargy, procrastination, indecisiveness, and low self-esteem.

Front 23

Signs of depression age 3

Back 23

feeding problems, tantrums, lack of playfulness and emotional expressiveness, failure to thrive, or delays in speech and gross motor development.

Front 24

Ages three to five signs and symptoms depression

Back 24

Accident proneness, phobias, aggressiveness, and excessive self approach for minor infractions Luna congruent auditory hallucinations are not uncommon.

Front 25

Ages six to eight signs and symptoms

Back 25

Vague physical complaints and aggressive behavior. children of this age group McLean to parents and avoid new people and challenges. They may lag behind their classmates and social skills and academic competence.

Front 26

Ages 9 to 12

Back 26

Nice morbid thoughts, excessive worrying, and poor self-esteem. they may think that they're depressed because I've disappointed their parents in some way. Lack interest in playing with friends.

Front 27

Other symptoms of childhood depression

Back 27

hyperactivity, delinquency, School problems, psychosomatic complaints, sleeping and eating disturbances, social isolation, delusional thinking, and suicidal thoughts or actions.

Front 28

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Back 28

Is what child depression is called. Children may become depressed for various reasons. In many depressed children there is a genetic predisposition toward the condition, which is precipitated by stressful situation. the focus of therapy with depressed children is to alleviate the child symptoms and strengthen his coping adaptive skills with the hope of possibly preventing future psychological problems.

Front 29

Diagnostic criteria for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Back 29

Severe recurrent temper outbursts manifested verbally and her behavior that are grossly out of proportion and intensity or duration to situation of provocation.

the temperature outdoors are inconsistent with developmental level. They occur three or more times per week. The outburst I've been happening longer than 12 or more months.

It can occur with ADHD major depressive disorder conduct disorder and substance abuse disorder but not with oppositional defiant disorder intermittent explosive disorder bipolar disorder.

Front 30

Depression in children

Back 30

Ssris are commonly used I have a black box warning regarding it increasing suicidal thoughts in those under age 25. and they should be watched very closely especially during the first few weeks of treatment.

Front 31

Depression in adolescents

Back 31

Depression in adolescence is harder to recognize because feelings of sadness, loneliness, anxiety, and hopelessness associated with depression may be perceived as normal emotional stresses in this age group. So they do not get the help they need. Which is concerning because it is the second leading cause of death in 15-24 year-olds. Common symptoms of depression in this age group are inappropriately expressed anger, aggressiveness, running away, delinquency, social withdrawal, sexual acting-out, substance abuse, restlessness, and apathy. loss of self-esteem, sleeping and eating disturbances, and psychosomatic complaints are also common.

Front 32

Depression in adolescence continuing

Back 32

The difference between a mood disorder from a typical story behavior of adolescence is the behavioral change last for several weeks is the best clue for a mood disorder. Examples include the normally going out extroverted who has become withdrawn and isolates themselves, the good student who previously received high remarks but is now failing and skipping classes, in the usually confident teenager who becomes inappropriately irritable and defensive with others.

Front 33

Depression in adolescence continuing

Back 33

The perception of abandonment by parents or closest peer relationships is that to be the most frequent immediate cause of suicide. Fluoxetine has been approved by the FDA to treat depression in children aged 8 and older and escitalopram was approved and adolescent age 12 and older.