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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Acetylcholine
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Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists
Nicotinic and muscarinic effects (acts at all cholinergic synapses) Rapidly hydrolyzed if given systemically Used topically for miosis induction during ophthalmic surgery |
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Methacholine
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Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists
Primarily muscarinic with minimal nicotinic effects More slowly hydrolyzed – greater duration of action Administered by inhalation as a test for bronchial hyperactivity |
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Bethanechol
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Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists
Primarily muscarinic effects Resistant to hydrolysis – prolonged activity Used to treat urinary retention Oral administration can cause palpitations from vasodilation- induced reflex tachycardia |
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Carbachol
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Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists
Nicotinic and muscarinic effects – also stimulates ACh release Resistant to hydrolysis Used topically during ophthalmic surgery and to treat glaucoma |
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Pilocarpine
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Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists
Primarily muscarinic effects Resistant to hydrolysis Used to treat dry mouth (xerostomia) and glaucoma Oral administration can cause palpitations from vasodilation- induced reflex tachycardia |
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Cevimeline
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Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists
Primarily muscarinic effects Resistant to hydrolysis Used to treat dry mouth (xerostomia) in Sjogren’s syndrome |
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Nicotine
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Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists
Nicotine interacts with nicotine receptors throughout the body Autonomic ganglia, neuromuscular junction and in the brain Low doses stimulate, high doses inhibit. |
Its actions are complex and frequently unpredictable because of the
multiple target sites Peripheral effects include ↑ HR, ↑ BP, ↑ GI tone and motility CNS: stimulation, tremors, respiration, emetic effects Nicotine is highly toxic (10 mg in children)! |
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Edrophonium
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Short-Acting Cholinesterase Inhibitors
A competitive inhibitor Does not cross the blood-brain barrier Very short duration of action (10-20 min) Used to diagnose myasthenia gravis |
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Echothiophate
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Long-Acting Cholinesterase Inhibitors
Treatment of Glaucoma |
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Antidotes for AChE inhibitor poisoning
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Atropine blocks the muscarinic effects of the excess Ach
Given to troops when entering areas believed to have chemical weapons 2-PAM is effective only if given within a few hours after exposure to the organophosphate It can break the “irreversible” bond, liberating the AChE, but not after the bond “ages” |
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Scopolamine
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Muscarinic Antagonists
Greater CNS effects than atropine Produces drowsiness and can induce amnesia and psychotic behavior Used to treat motion sickness (patch) and for preop sedation |
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Ipratropium
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Muscarinic Antagonists
Poor CNS penetration Used for the treatment COPD and asthma |
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