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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bethanechol
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muscarinic agonist, no nicotinic action
not hydrolyzed by AChE GI disorders: postop abd distension, gastric atony and retention, adynamic ileus Atonic bladder, xerostomia Adverse: low BP, abd pain, diarrhea, bronchospasm |
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Carbachol
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muscarinic and nicotinic agonist
not hydrolyzed by AChE mitotic |
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Methacholine
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muscarinic agonist
diagnosis of bronchial hyperreactivity and asthmatic conditions; xerostomia |
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Pilocarpine
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muscarinic agonist, natural alkaloid
tertiary amine (no charge) stable to hydrolysis by AChE acute angle-closure glaucoma, xerostomia |
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Cevimeline
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M1 & M3 agonist
xerostomia |
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Nicotine & Lobeline
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stimulate ganglionic receptors preferentially
affect NMJ at slightly higher concentrations |
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Varenicline
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partial agonist, neuronal nicotinic receptors
smoking cessation |
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Edrophonium
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antiChE, short-lived
diagnosis of myasthenia gravis reversal of neuromuscular block produced by non-depolarizing muscular blockers |
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Carbamates
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antiChE
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Organophosphates
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antiChE
extremely stable bond |
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Physostigmine
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carbamate
intestinal and bladder atony glaucoma overdoses of anticholinergic drugs DO NOT give to pt w/TCA overdose |
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Neostigmine
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carbamate
stimulate bladder and GI antidote for competitive blockers of NMJ treatment for myasthenia gravis |
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Pyridostigmine
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carbamate
chronic treatment of myasthenia gravis |
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Ambenonium
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carbamate
chronic treatment of myasthenia gravis |
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Demecarium
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carbamate
glaucoma |
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Echothiophate
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organophosphate
glaucoma |
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Isoflurophate
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organophosphate
glaucoma, effects may last for 1 wk also an insecticide |
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oral AChE inhibitors used to treat symptoms of Alzheimer's
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Tacrine
Donepezil Rivastigmine Galantamine |
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Pralidoxime
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cholinesterase regenerator
splits the phosphorous-enzyme bond if given before aging |
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Atropine
(basic and adverse) |
cholinergic antagonist, belladonna alkaloid
competitive binding to muscarinic receptors tertiary amine adverse: dry mouth, blurred vision, sandy eyes, tachycardia, constipation, hallucinations |
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Atropine
(uses) |
Eye: mydriasis, cycloplegia
antispasmodic- reduce gastric & bladder motility bradycardia at low doses (block M1), tachycardia at high (block M2) inhibit salivary glands antidote for cholinergic agonists, mushroom poisoning (Amanita muscaria) |
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Scopolamine
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cholinergic antagonist, belladonna alkaloid
prevention of motion sickness block short-term memory |
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Quaternary ammonium muscarinic antagonists
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Ipratropium--asthma and COPD
Tiotropium--COPD |
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Tertiary amine muscarinic antagonist
(opthalmologic) |
Homatropine
Cyclopentolate Tropicamide mydriasis w/cycloplegia shorter duration of action than atropine |
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Tertiary amine muscarinic antagonist
(Parkinsonism) |
Benztropine
Trihexyphenidyl |
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Nicotine
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anti-nicotinic
CV: sympathomimetic; increased HR and BP GI & urinary: parasympathomimetic; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, voiding of urine high doses: blocks ganglia. BP falls used for smoking cessation |
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Nicotinic ganglionic blockers
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Tetreaethylammonium
Hexamethonium Mecamylamine & Trimetaphan (still used) HTN in pt w/acute aortic dissection |
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Succinylcholine
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neuromuscular blocker, depolarizing
binds to nicotinic receptor and depolarizes junction. Persists in cleft-->desensitized receptor-->flaccid paralysis |
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Dantrolene
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blocks release of Ca2+ from SR
treat malignant hyperthermia resulting from depolarizing agents |
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Hemicholinium-3
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inhibitor of ACh synthesis
blocks CHT (prevents uptake of choline) |
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Vesamicol
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inhibitor of ACh storage
blocks ACh-H+ antiporter, preventing storage of ACh |
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Botulinum toxin
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inhibitor of ACh release
injected locally into muscles for treatment of disease w/muscle spasms cosmetic treatments |
