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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A substance being dissolved
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Solute
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liquid water
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solvent
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substance when dissolved in water produces a solution that can conduct electricity
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electrolyte
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conduct current very efficiently
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strong electrolytes
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conduct only a small current
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weak electrolytes
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no current flows
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nonelectrolytes
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ionize completely in water (salts, strong acids, and strong bases)
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strong electrolytes
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ionize only slightly in water (weak acids and bases)
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weak electrolytes
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do not ionize in solution (molecular, covalent compounds)
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nonelectrolytes
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are molecular compounds that ionize when they dissolve in water
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acids
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strong acids ionize ____ of the time.
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100%
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weak acids ionize _____ of the time
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only a small percentage
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nonelectrolytes ionize ____ of the time
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0% (never)
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The six strong acids are:
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HCL
HBr HI H₂SO₄ HCLO₄ HNO₃ |
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Strong bases include
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hydroxides of column 1 and 2 metals
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Salts typically have a metal or __ cation
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NH₄⁺ cation
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what is the most common weak base
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NH₃
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small amount of solute compared to solvent
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dilute solutions
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large amount of solute compared to solvent
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concentrated solutions
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the amount of solute in the solutions
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concentration
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The solution concentration molarity formula is?
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molarity, M=amount of solute (in moles)/amount of solution (in L)
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the process of adding water to a concentrated or stock solution to achieve the molarity desired for a particular solution
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dilution
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Dilution with water ______ alter the numbers of moles of solute present
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does not
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moles of solute before dilution = moles of solute after dilution is represented by what formula
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M₁V₁=M₂V₂
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What are the 3 types of ion exchange reactions
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precipitation
acid-base gas evolving |
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a reaction between compounds that in which the reactants "swap" cations
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exchange reaction
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chemicals put into the water and the products
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formula equations
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show actual dissolved species
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complete ionic equations
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ionic equation in which the spectator ions are removed
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net ionic equation
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gives the overall reaction stoichiometry but not necessarily the actual forms of the reactants and products in solution
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formula (molecular) equation
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represents as ions all reactants and products that are strong electrolytes
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complete ionic equation
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includes only those solution components undergoing a change
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net ionic equation
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a double displacement reaction in which a solid forms and separates from the solution
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precipitation reaction
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Precipitates give name and symbol:
solid dissolves in solution |
Soluble (aq)
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Precipitates give name and symbol:
solid does not dissolve in solution |
Insoluble (s)
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Precipitates give name and symbol:
are often used interchangeable |
insoluble and slightly soluble (s)
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Precipitates give name and symbol:
like water |
Pure liquids (L)
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also called neutralization reactions b/c the acid and base neutralize each other's properties
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acid-base reactios
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Strong acids are written as _____
weak acids are written as _______ |
ions
molecules in ionic equations |
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what are two ways gas evolving reactions occur
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1. some reactions form a gas directly from the ion exchange
2. other reactions form a gas by the decomposition of on of the ion exchange products in to a gas and water |
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name the three types of compounds that undergo gas evolving reactions
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CO₃²⁻
SO₃²⁻ S²⁻ |
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reactions where electrons are transferred from one atom to another are ____ reactions
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redox
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atoms that lose electrons are being ____
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oxidized
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atoms that gain electrons are being ___-
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reduced
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name examples of redox characteristics
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transfer of electrons
transfer may occur to form ions oxidation reduction |
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what are two common types of oxidation-reduction reactions
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combustion reactions
combination reactions |
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delivery of a measured volume of a solution of known concentration (the ____) into a solution containing the substance being analyzed (the ___)
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titration, titrant, analyte
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enough titrant added to react exactly with the analyte
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the equivelancy point
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the indication changes color so you can tell the equivalence point has been reached
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endpoint
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