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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Types of matter |
1) Gas 2) Liquid 3) Solid |
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Periodic Table Columns |
Groups |
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Periodic Table Rows |
Periods |
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Special about Groups? |
Similar chemical properties |
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1) Element name 2) Atomic number 3) Chemical symbol 4) Average atomic weight |
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Atoms |
Smallest unit of an element that retain characteristics of that element. |
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Molecules |
2 or more atoms chemically bonded together |
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Diatomic element |
Atoms of molecule are the same |
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Compound |
Atoms of molecule are different |
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Molecules‘ relation to Elements/compounds |
Molecules are the smallest unit of an element/compound that retains the characteristic of that compound/element. |
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Relation of atoms, molecules and elements/compounds |
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Allotropes |
Two forms of sane element with a different chemical structure and properties, e.g., O2, O2 |
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Monatomic |
O (uncombined, highly reactive) |
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Diatomic molecule |
O2 (elemental form, combustion, sense-less, 21% inhaled/ 16% exhaled) |
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Triatomic molecule |
O3 (ozone, more reactive than O2, criteria air pollutant in troposphere, protective layer in stratosphere) |
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Matter classification |
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Pure substances |
Matter with fixed composition (Water H2O) (Oxygen O2) |
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Mixtures |
Physical combination of 2 or more substances in variable amounts (air, water, salt, etc.) |
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Defining characteristics of mixtures |
1) Component proportions may vary. 2) Individual properties of components are observable. 3) components separable by physical means |
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Types of mixtures |
1) Heterogeneous- composition not uniform 2) Homogeneous- composition is uniform (solution) 3) Aqueous- solution in water |
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Matter Classification Chart |
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Representations of atoms and molecules |
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Atoms defined |
1) empty space 2) most mass found in nucleus 3) electrons don‘t have particular orbits 4) statistics describe distribution of electrons 5) protons and neutrons in nucleus |
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Atoms are... |
1) neutral 2) nucleus contains protons and neutrons 3) surrounding electrons in electron cloud |
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Representation of an atom |
Back (Definition) |
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Nuclide |
Nucleus with a particular composition |
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Atomic number definition |
Number of protons in nucleus |
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Mass number |
Total number of protons and neutrons in nucleus |
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Chemical symbol |
Symbol of element |
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Isotopes |
Atoms of an element with same number of protons but not neutrons. Same atomic number but different atomic mass number |
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Nomenclature of covalent compounds |
1) first element unchanged 2) second element gets -ide 3) mono- for second element only |
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Prefixes for molecular compounds |
Mono- 1 Di-2 Tri-3 Tetra-4 Penta-5 Hexa-6 Hepta- 7 Octa-8 Nona-9 Deca-10 |
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Hydrocarbon |
Only have C and H atoms. Organic molecules |
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Hydrocarbon nomenclature |
Based on number of carbon atoms |
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Methane |
CH4 |
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Ethane |
C2H6 |
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Propane |
C3H8 |
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Butane |
4 & 10 |
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Pentane |
5 & 12 |
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Hexane |
6 & 14 |
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Heptane |
7 & 16 |
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Octane |
8 & 18 |
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Nonane |
9 & 20 |
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Decane |
10 & 22 |