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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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female infanticide
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qing dynasty
population boom led to lands being taken and feuds, families who couldn't afford multiple children killed their girls because sons were seen as necessities = shortage of marriageable women |
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kang youwei
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confucian scholar who found that confucianism justified modernization reforms
submitted essays on poland and the success of meiji reformers to influence leaders at the time went to other countries after fleeing empress dowager cixi and saw china's backwardness/weakness |
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empress dowager cixi
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locked up her nephew and executed reformers, afraid that reforms would undermine position of manchus
supported Boxers thinking theyd solve the foreign problem for her issued declaration of war on foreigners |
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first sino-japanese war
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japan had claim to chinese tribute islands the Ryukyus, then turned on loyal chinese vassal state Korea
china and japan fought in korea and the chinese navy lost china sued for peace and gave japan taiwan and liaodong |
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sun yat-sen
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founding figure of anti-manchu revolution
found advantages in having a republic formed Revolutionary Alliance with radical revolutionaries in Japan issued provisional constitution |
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Yuan Shikai
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leading general under the Qing
negotiated with revolutionaries agreement that republic would be established w/ Yuan as president 1912 assassinated nationalist organizer after their party won half of the parliamentary seats announced new empire but died |
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warlord period
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12-year period between yuan shikai's death and establishment of nationalist gov't in 1928
governors of provinces, yuan's old army, gangsters built up power bases mongolia and tibet declared independence destructive wars across north china |
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Beijing university
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internationally recognized
chen duxiu dean of letters young intellectuals felt they had the obligation to save china, against old ideas |
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chen duxiu
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early 19th century scholar that founded the communist party of china
advocate of individual freedom and rejection of confucianism new youth made scapegoat after white terror |
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new youth
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written by chen duxiu
challenged confucian deference towards elders and praised youth written in colloquial chinese to support hu shi's ideas of literary reform writings of hu shi and lu xun |
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hu shi
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appointed to beijing university by chen duxiu
philosopher who had studied abroad promoted re-evaluation of ancient wisdom to see relevence of today supported literary reform |
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lu xun
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wrote well in vernacular
condemed traditional chinese civilization stories in new youth gave a voice to people's concerns |
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May 4th Movement
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1919, thousands of students protest treaty of versailles in tianamen square (china thought they would get shangdong for sending troops to allies in ww1, but japan had reached a secret agreement w/ britain, france, and italy and got it)
students broke through police lines and beat up pro-japanese official and set fire to home of a cabinet minister gov't arrested over a thousand students and sparked protests and strikes around the country finally gov't refused to sign the treaty |
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comintern
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russian-led organization that promoted communist revolution throughout the world
sent agents to turn communist study groups into communist party cells also helped nationalists |
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united front
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armies of nationalist and communist parties
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three principles of the people
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sun yat-sen
nationalism, democracy, and people's livelihood (socialism) |
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may 30th movement
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1925
british police shot at shanghai demonstrators, starting protests across the country |
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northern expedition
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expedition to reunify the country
launched with Jiang Jieshi as military commander and communist organizing peasants and workers along the way |
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white terror
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nationalist movement to root out communists
Shanghai massacre, turned on communists after the northern expedition and killed union members and party organizers |
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jiang jieshi
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leader of nationalists and white terror, let northern expedition
focused on militarization new life movement |
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Manchukuo
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japanese puppet state in manchuria
made the last qing emperor the head |
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Xi'an incident
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troops from manchuria that had been driven out by the japanese kidnapped jiang jieshi on the grounds that he form a united front w/ communists to fight the japanese
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rape of nanjing
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after shanghai fell, nationalist troops went to nanjing, the nationalist capital
after conquering nanjing in 1937 japanese troops went on a rampage murdering and raping |
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Yan'an
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communists' base area
found after long march homes were made in caves everyone had to study mao's writings |
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mao zedong
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from hardworking farming family
went to beijing university and participated in marxist study groups formed jiangxi soviet believed in the revolutionary potential of peasants |
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jiangxi soviet
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set up peasant supported gov't on jiangxi-hunan border
promoted and distributed local programs like family reform often killed suspected traitors |
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long march
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1934, 80,000
red army in search for a new base area after fifth extermination campaign marched almost 6,000 miles suffered large casualties |
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people's liberation army
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red army
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northern zone
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mongolia, xinjiang manchuria
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jurchens
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from manchuria, formed jin dynasty
allied w/ song to attack liao then turned on song in 1125 willingness to incorporate chinese siegecraft extremely sinicized, chinese political institutions |
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khitans
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abaoji united khitans into a federation and declared liao dynasty
dual state, capital at beijing |
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yuan dynasty
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declared by khubilai in beijing
used muslim, chinese, uighur, korean and persian experts resisted assimilation mongols- muslims- n. chinese (han people)- s. chinese extremely suspicious of chinese |
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ghengis khan
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fully militarized mongol society
draconian laws launched campaign that reached east borders of korea to eastern europe |
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khubilai
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ghengis's grandson
founded yuan dynasty |
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zhu yuanzhang (taizu)
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founded ming dynasty 1368
joined group affiliated w/ red turbans, took over command and captured beijing ruthless to officials, ordered registration of everyone and everything secret police |
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white lotus society
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a religious political movement inspired rebellions
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ming dynasty
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capital moved to nanjing
eunuchs given too much power cash cropping yunnan and guizhou shengyuan publishing industry and vernacular literature challenge of orthodox confucianism fiscal collapse |
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lin zexu
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sent to guangzhou to compel foreign traders to stop bringing opium into china
ruled only traders who put up bonds and promised to not deal in opium would be allowed to trade pressured Portuguese to expel british from macao exiled for allowing opium war to start |
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macartney mission
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sent to qianlong with artists, musicians, scientists, etc. with chests of european inventions to attract chinese interest in british goods
qianlong wasn't interested |
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treaty of nanjing
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abolished co-hong, set up five treaty ports, fixed the tariff at 5%, raised indemnity to 21 million ounces of silver, extraterritoriality
included most favored nation clause |
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extraterritoriality
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british subjects in china answerable only to british law, even in disputes w/ chinese
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taiping rebellion
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south china highly affected by opium and resistance to foreigners
hong xiuquan thought he was brother of jesus extremely anti-manchu declared himself leader of heavenly kingdom of great peace captured cities captured nanjing and killed ALL manchus set up new gov't based on equality held on for 10 years |
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ti-yong
(essence-practical use) |
China should maintain its own style of learning to keep the "essence" of society, while at the same time using Western learning for "practical application" in developing its infrastructure and economy
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li hongzhang
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chinese scholar-official leader of anhui army
proponent of modernizing china's economy China Merchants' Steam Navigation Company Kaiping coal mines first railroad tracks |
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zang zhidong
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provincial official who opened Hanyang Iron works at Wuhan
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bureaucratic capitalism
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use of political power for private pecuniary gain through capitalistic or quasi-capitalist methods of economic activity
guomintang |
