China

Front 1

filial piety

Back 1

worship ancestors, be good to one's parents; to take care of one's parents; to engage in good conduct not just towards parents but also outside the home so as to bring a good name to one's parents and ancestors; to perform the duties of one's job well so as to obtain the material means to support parents as well as carry out sacrifices to the ancestors; not be rebellious; show love, respect and support;display courtesy; ensure male heirs, uphold fraternity among brothers; wisely advise one's parents, including dissuading them from moral unrighteousness; display sorrow for their sickness and death; and carry out sacrifices after their death.

Front 2

Shang dynasty

Back 2

had technology to punture through metals,
founded by Shang Ti, god of the heavens,
Early Shang 1766-1122 B.C. succeeded by the Chou Dynasty, beliefs included honoring ancestors, honoring emperors, household gods and ancient demons

Front 3

oracle bones

Back 3

grounded up for medicine,
turtle shells,
writing is involved in works of art

Front 4

P'u

Back 4

no outside influence,
something in simplest form has greatest power

Front 5

Li

Back 5

virtue or propriety,
public and private behavior,
all of what you do,
having propper manners,
can be learned and mastered,
people skill

Front 6

The Tao

Back 6

"to guide",
symbol is yin/yang,
ultimate ground of being

Front 7

5 Great Relationships

Back 7

parent/child,
elder sibling/younger sibling,
husband/wife,
friend/friend,
ruler/subject,
creates balance,
equals harmony on Earth,
helps with etiquette b/c explains how to treat different people in your life differently

Front 8

Mandate of Heaven

Back 8

1 big country where everything runs smoothly,
anyone can rule if they do it for the good of the people,
emperor greatly respected

Front 9

Wu wei

Back 9

doing nothing to prevent all wrongdoings,
to make the world peaceful w/o evil,
be spontaneous, natural, and flowing,
go with the flow,
gives oppurtunities for one to change,
energy conserver,
passive action

Front 10

Yin/yang

Back 10

complementry, not opposites,
both are necessary for well functioning
Yang: hot, male, dry, light, logic
Yin: female, dark, poetry, mysterious

Front 12

Confucius

Back 12

Lived from 552-479, Created a complete philosophy. Confucius was born during a time of great conflict. Mother died when he was 23, Father 3. Had a son and a daughter. Great desire in life was to be a powerful government official, so he could make society powerful and happy. Felt that to study past must understand present. Collected and organized hundreds of years of philosophical tradition into a coherent hole. Advocate of order in society. Way to get to that was for everyone to do appointed job. Had a job as chief magistrate, then chief justice of Cheng-Tu. After that job he wandered for 14 years teaching student’s ethic, music, history, poetry and ceremonial rights. The Taoists made fun of him, Ugly baby born into poverty of unwed mother. Like Buddha and Jesus, spent much of is life as a wandering teacher, considered himself a transmitter of culture rather than a creator of new ideas.

Front 13

Jen

Back 13

human heartedness, benevolence, love, humanness, kindness

Front 14

Rectification of Names

Back 14

strive to live up to the ideal of your named position, for example: a father should try to act like a perfect father.

Front 15

Lao Tsu

Back 15

Name means “Old Master” Credited with founding Taoism, Principles existed before he was born, He probably lived two centuries after Confucius. Was disturbed by corruption in the state.

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Tao Te Ching

Back 16

Is the classical text of Taoism, written in about the sixth century B.C. Contains 81 brief sections or chapters. Contains two parts, the Tao Ching and the Te Ching. Explains the main principles of Taoism.

Front 17

Han Fei

Back 17

Creator of Legalism, lived from about 280 to 233 B.C. Believed that human nature is evil and people should be punished according to their actions. Was a member of the royal family of Han.

Front 18

Legalism

Back 18

Created by Han Fei, a philosophy which is centered on the ruler. The ruler firmly controls the state with the help of three concepts; his position of power, certain techniques, and laws. Legalism assumes that everyone acts according to one principle; avoiding punishment while simultaneously trying to achieve gains. Thus, the law must severely punish any unwanted action, while at the same time reward those who follow it.

Front 19

Analects

Back 19

Written by Confucius during the warring states period (475-221 BC). Written over a period of 30 to 50 years. They are the representative work of Confucianism. Chapters are grouped by individual themes, there are 20 in total.

Front 20

Vinegar Tasters

Back 20

Is an allegory depicted the founders of Confucianism (Confucius), Buddhism (Buddha) and Taoism (Lao Tsu), and it favors Taoism. They are dipping their fingers in a vat of vinegar and tasting it – one man reacts with a sour expression, (Confucius) one reacts with a bitter expression (Buddha) and one reacts with a sweet expression (Lao Tsu). Because that is how they viewed their lives.