Child Development Test 1

Front 1

Moro Reflex

Back 1

onset: 28 wks GA
integ: 5 mos
"startle reaction"
Normal: integ coincides w/ head control and PFE
Abnormal: interferes w/mvmt; ability to maintain quiet and focus

Front 2

ATNR

Back 2

onset: 2 mos
integ: 3.5 mos
norm:role in hand eye coord, starts R/L dissociation
ab:prevents rolling, hand to mouth & midline

Front 3

STNR

Back 3

onset: 5.5 mos
integ: 6.5 mos
neck FL = UE FL = LE EXT
neck EXT = UE EXT = LE FL
norm: break up EXT pattern, aids assuming quad
ab: bunny hopping and lack of R/L dissociation

Front 4

TLR

Back 4

onset: birth
integ: 1 mos
supine = inc EXT tone; prone = inc FL tone
norm: infant overcomes reflex and gravity
ab: MOST DETRIMENTAL=> compromises infant's ability to move AG

Front 5

Positive Support Rxn

Back 5

onset: 35 wks GA
integ: 1-2 mos
S&R: baby lowered onto feet stimulates LE muscle contraction
"PRIMARY STANDING OR POSITIVE STANDING"

Front 6

Automatic Stepping

Back 6

onset: 27 wks GA
integ: 1 mos
S&R: infant vertical w/ fwd tip will cause alternating reciprocal LE mvmt
norm: early neural circuits for locomotion, helps position fetus in utero
ab: persistence prevents fxnal locomotion

Front 7

Flexor Withdrawal

Back 7

onset: 28 wks
integ: 4 mos
S&R: noxious stimulus to foot sole causes leg withdrawal
ab: dec threshold it may occur w/ non-noxious stim and prevent normal mvmt

Front 8

Crossed Extension

Back 8

onset: 28 wks GA
integ: 4 mos
S&R: examiner holds leg and pokes foot, infant withdraws ipsi LE, EXT contra LE to push examiner's hand away

Front 9

Plantar Grasp Reflex

Back 9

onset: 3 mos
integ: 8 mos
S&R: pressure against sole of foot causes toe FL
ab: integration is required to allow normal gait and equi rxns of ankle DF and toe EXT

Front 10

Labyrinthine Righting

Back 10

onset: birth
integ: persist thru life
S&R: blindfold child, suspend and tilt body
norm: head will align to vertical position
ab: necessary for head control as child moves in space

Front 11

Neonatal Neck Righting

Back 11

onset: 34 wks GA
integ: 5 mos
S&R: turn head, body follows as a whole
=>needed for infant to roll supine to SL

Front 12

Neck Righting

Back 12

onset: 4-6 mos
integ: 5 yrs
S&R: turn head, shldrs follow, then pelvis w/ trunk
=> important for developing rotation about the body

Front 13

Body Righting

Back 13

onset: 6 mos
integ: perists thru life
S&R: flex LE and rot across body, segmental roll to prone
=> allows segmental roll and higher developmental positions

Front 14

Protective Forward Extension

Back 14

onset: 6 mos
integ: persists
S&R: child supported vertically and plunged twd table, child will EXT head, EXT/ABD UEs,
=>needed for sitting w/ UE support and quad

Front 15

Protective Lateral Extension

Back 15

onset: 8 mos
integ: persists
S&R: child displaced to side while sitting w/ LE in front, UE ABD w/ E/W/finger EXT on falling side
=>needed for sitting with and without hand support

Front 16

Protective Backward Extension

Back 16

onset: 10 mos
integ: persists
S&R: child displaced bkwd while sitting w/ LE in front, child will reach back w/ UEs or rotate and reach 1 UE back
=> needed for good sitting balance and trunk rotation

Front 17

Avg Time Frames for Development of Equilibrium Rxns

Back 17

Prone: 6 mos
Supine: 7 mos
Sitting: 8 mos
Quad: 9 mos
Stand: 12 mos

Front 18

Staggering Reaction

Back 18

onset: 15-18 mos
integ: persists
S&R: COG displaced beyond equil rxn ability to prevent a fall, step or steps taken to prevent fall
=>protects upright posture, needed for safe ambulation

Front 19

Factors that Influence Gross Motor Development

Back 19

Genetics
CNS Maturation
Environment and Handling

Front 20

Four Stages of Normal Antigravity Posture and Movement

Back 20

mobility
stability
controlled mobility
skill

Front 21

Mobility Stage of Development

Back 21

-ability to move and assume desired position
-depends on reciprocal innervation
-more superficial & distal muscles primary mobilizers

Front 22

Stability Stage of Development

Back 22

-ability to maintain posture once it has been assumed
-patterns of coinnervation resulting in cocontraction of agonist/antagonist to stabilize joint
-cocontraction is dynamic
-deeper more proximal muscles are stabilizers

Front 23

3 Stages of Stability Development

Back 23

-structural = tissue tightness
-positional = use body to create large BOS
-internal = requires use of righting, equilibrium, and protective extension

Front 24

Controlled Mobility Stage of Development

Back 24

integration of mobility and stability so child can assume & maintain posture while maintaining desired spatial orientation of head

Front 25

Skill Stage of Development

Back 25

-combination of previous 3 stages to allow for efficient performance of activity
-UE = manipulation of objects
-LE = locomotion

Front 26

Advanced Ambulation: 15 Mos

Back 26

continue to creep up stairs, continuation of 12 months

Front 27

Advanced Ambulation: 18 Mos

Back 27

creeps bkwd down stairs
walks up stairs w/ 1 UE support step-to pattern

Front 28

Advanced Ambulation: 21 Mos

Back 28

Walks down stairs w/ 1 UE support

Front 29

Advanced Ambulation: 2 Yrs

Back 29

begin reciprocal arm;
inc speed;
begin heelstrike; runs;
jump off bottom step;
up/down stairs alone w/step-to

Front 30

Advanced Ambulation: 2.5 Yrs

Back 30

two foot jump;
tries 1 LE stand

Front 31

Advanced Ambulation: 3 Yrs

Back 31

jumps and runs;
alternate step up stairs no UE support;
ONSET OF ADULT GAIT; rides trike

Front 32

Advanced Ambulation: 4-7 Yrs

Back 32

alternates feet going down stairs, no support

Front 33

Advanced Ambulation: 7 Yrs

Back 33

Mature gait

Front 34

5 Major Attributes of Normal Gait

Back 34

-stability in stance
-sufficient foot clearance
-initial contact pre-positioning
-adequate step-length
-energy conservation

Front 35

Determinants of Mature Gait

Back 35

-duration of SLS
-walking velocity
-cadence
-step-length
-ratio of pelvic span to ankle spread

Front 36

Standing Balance: Static

Back 36

15-24 mos = momentary
24 mos = 1 sec
5-6 yrs = 10 seconds hands on hips

Front 37

Standing Balance: Dynamic

Back 37

18-24 mos = walk in a line
4 yrs = tandem walk
5-6 yrs = tandem walk on line, hands on hips
assessed by balance beam walking

Front 38

Hopping

Back 38

requires greater strength and balance than jumping
3.5-4 yrs = hop in place
4-5 yrs = hop either leg
6 yrs = hop along line

Front 39

Skipping

Back 39

MOST difficult motor skill b/c of planning
3-4 yrs = gallop
4-5 yrs = one leg skips other steps
5-6 yrs = true skip

Front 40

Ball Skills: 3 yrs

Back 40

-total arm fling
-perp stance
-stationery legs
-push throw w/ mostly elbow ext

Front 41

Ball Skills: 4 yrs

Back 41

-preparatory arm swing
-trunk rot
-fwd wt shift

Front 42

Ball Skills: 5 yrs

Back 42

-mature throwing

Front 43

Requirements of Ambulation

Back 43

-postural control = wt shift, righting and equilibrium
-appropriate ROM
-jt stability
-muscle coordination
-strength, endurance, change in energy levels