Child And Development

Front 1

Imagine that a reseacher concludes that 5 year olds in the 1950s learn more slowly than the 5 year olds of today. Why could this be inaccurate?

Back 1

Cohort Effects

Front 2

An experimental design permits inferences about cause and effect because

Back 2

all participants are treated exactly alike except for changes in the independent variable

Front 3

Ethnographers strive to minimize their influence on the culture that they are observing by

Back 3

becoming part of the cultural community they are studying

Front 4

A major advantage of structured observations is that they

Back 4

are useful for studying behaviors that investigators rarely have an opportunity to see in everyday life

Front 5

________ has risen to the forefront of the field because it provides the most differentiated and thorough account of contextual influences on children’s development

Back 5

Ecological systems theory

Front 6

A(n) ________psychologist would be MOST interested in examining the following research question: What role does the infant’s capacity to imitate facial expressions play in survival?

Back 6

evolutionary developmental

Front 7

Vygotsky believed that _________ produce development.

Back 7

cooperative dialogues between children and more knowledgeable members of society

Front 8

Observations of ________ led to the concept of the critical period in human development.

Back 8

imprinting

Front 9

According to ________ theory, as children develop their ways of thinking adapt to better fit with, or represent, the external world.

Back 9

cognitive-developmental

Front 10

________ theory emphasizes the role of _______ in children’s learning.

Back 10

Bandura’s; cognition

Front 11

According to the behavioristic approach, the proper focus of study for psychology should be:

Back 11

directly observable events

Front 12

The primary purpose of the first successful intelligence test, developed by Binet and Simon, was to

Back 12

identify children who needed special education services.

Front 13

characterized children as naturally endowed with a plan for development.

Back 13

Both Rousseau and Hall

Front 14

Charles Darwin is considered the forefather of scientific child study because

Back 14

his theory prompted other researchers to study children and their development directly

Front 15

John Locke’s philosophy:

Back 15

emphasizes the possibility of many courses of development.

Front 16

During the sixteenth century, the Puritans believed that children were

Back 16

naturally inclined toward evil unless given the proper guidance and instruction.

Front 17

Theorists who emphasize ________ are most likely to focus on the importance of ________

Back 17

Change; nurture

Front 18

Our knowledge of child development is interdisciplinary. What does this mean?

Back 18

Individuals from diverse fields have contributed to our knowledge of child development.

Front 19

Inside each human cell are rodlike structures called that store and transmit genetic information

Back 19

chromosones

Front 20

A unique feature of DNA is that it can duplicate itself through a process called

Back 20

mitosis

Front 21

A person whose 23rd pair of chromosomes is xy

Back 21

is male

Front 22

Identical twins are created when

Back 22

a fertilized egg divides into two separate clusters of cells

Front 23

Allison has blonde hair and Albert has dark hair. If they have four children, which scenario is most likely

Back 23

all four children will have brown hair

Front 24

Maya tested positive for PKU at birth. For Maya to have a normal lifespan, she will

Back 24

have to be placed on a diet low in phenylalanine

Front 25

________ are more likely than ________ to be affected by X-linked diseases

Back 25

Males; females

Front 26

________ helps explain why children are more likely to develop asthma if their mothers, rather than their fathers, suffer from it

Back 26

Genetic imprinting

Front 27

A child born with an extra 21st chromosome has

Back 27

down syndrome

Front 28

Abnormalities of the sex chromosomes

Back 28

often are not recognized until adolescence

Front 29

Except for ________ and ________, prenatal diagnosis should not be used routinely, since other methods have some chance of injuring the fetus

Back 29

maternal blood analysis; ultrasound

Front 30

When a marriage is tense and hostile, parents are less responsive to their children’s needs. This is an example of a(n) ________ influence between parents and their children

Back 30

indirect