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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Plato's speculation |
children born with innate knowledge and sensory experience |
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Aristotle's Speculation |
No innate knowledge, development rooted in sense |
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Locke's Speculation |
Tabula rasa (blank slate) - knowledge shaped with reinforcement |
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Rousseau's Speculation |
Newborns have innate sense of morality and justice, adults help children |
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Charles Darwin's detailed systematic observations |
Baby Biographies |
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5 foundational theories of CD |
Biological perspective psychodynamic perspective learning perspective cognitive-development perspective contextual perspective |
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Biological perspective's 2 main theories |
Maturation theory ethological theory |
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Maturation theory (biological perspective) |
devevelopment reflects natural unfolding of a pre-arranged biological plan |
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Ethological theory (biological perspective) |
behaviors viewed as adaptive because they have survival value |
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Biological Perspective's important theorist & concepts |
Konrad Lorenz Critical period Imprinting |
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Psychodynamic Perspective (Freud) |
Development is determined by how the child resolves conflicts |
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Id, Ego and Superego |
Id - pleasure thinking Ego - practical rational Superego - moral agent |
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Psychodynamic Perspective ( Erikson) |
Development is determined by how a child resolves conflicts at different ages |
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Learning Perspective (def) |
Emphasized importance of experience in development |
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Learning Perspective (important theorists & theories) |
B.F. Skinner - operant conditioning Bandura - social cognitive theory/ imitation & observation |
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Operant conditioning |
reinforcement - increase behavior punishment - decrease behavior |
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social cognitive theory |
children can learn through imitation and observation |
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Cognitive-developmental perspective (definition) |
development reflects children's efforts to understand the world (4 stages) |
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contextual perspective (definition) |
development is determined by immediate and more distant environments, which influence each other |
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Contextual perspective (important theorist) |
Lev Vygotsky |
