ANALYSIS OF DEVELOPMENT THEORIES
Analysis of Development Theories
Erik Erikson (1950, 1968) proposed a theory of psychological development comprising eight stages. This focuses on how personalities evolve throughout life as a result of the interaction between biologically based maturation and the demands of society. The eight stages are based partly on the stages proposed by Freud and partly on Erikson’s studies in a wide variety of cultures. According to Erikson (1950, 1968), each stage of human development presents its characteristic crises. For example, the conflict of trust versus mistrust is especially important in infancy. However, children and adult continues to struggle with whether or not to trust others. If an individual does not …show more content…
Children who learn to be industrious master activities. Moreover, children that experience failure in school or even in peer relations may develop a sense of inferiority. Stage 5 is identity versus role confusion. Adolescence is a time young people explore who they are by establishing their identity transition from childhood to adulthood. It is a time people integrate roles into perception of self. While some that are unable to integrate roles suffer role confusion. Stage 6 is intimacy versus isolation. Young adulthood is characterized by a quest for intimacy that is more than the establishment of sexual relationship. It is the ability to share with another person without being afraid. On the other hand, people that do not attain intimacy are likely to suffer isolation. Stage 7 is generativity versus stagnation. Mature adulthood is characterized by the crisis of generativity versus stagnation. This concerns a drive to be creative and productive in a way that will aid people in the future. Adults that lacks generativity becomes self-absorbed focus primarily on their own concerns that results stagnation. Stage 8 is ego integrity versus despair. The crisis of ego integrity versus despair characterizes old age. If they appreciate their life and are content with their accomplishments, they are said to have ego integrity. And others who have failed to cope successfully with past …show more content…
Piaget hypothesizes that all people go through the cognitive stages in the same order. Piaget theory of cognitive development (1952) involves three other concepts such as adaptation, assimilation, and accommodation. Adaptation refers to the ability to adjust to the surrounding environmental conditions that involves changes to fit in and survive in the surrounding environment. Assimilation refers to the taking in of new information and the resulting integration into the schema or structure of thought. Accommodation refers to the process by which children change their perceptions and actions in order to think using higher, more abstract levels of cognition (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2016). Consequently, the theory of Erikson and Piaget correlates to the social work practice as a result theory helps social workers decide how to go about helping people. The medical model versus system theory is one example. System theory provides a better perspective for respecting people’s dignity and rights and for targeting the macro environment in order to effect change reduces oppression, and improve social conditions. Social workers need theories to guide their thinking and their work. One example on how a theory can support or contradict professional ethics involves the ethical standard that social workers must be “sensitive to cultural and ethnic diversity and strive to end discrimination, oppression, poverty, and other forms of social injustice”
Analysis of Development Theories
Erik Erikson (1950, 1968) proposed a theory of psychological development comprising eight stages. This focuses on how personalities evolve throughout life as a result of the interaction between biologically based maturation and the demands of society. The eight stages are based partly on the stages proposed by Freud and partly on Erikson’s studies in a wide variety of cultures. According to Erikson (1950, 1968), each stage of human development presents its characteristic crises. For example, the conflict of trust versus mistrust is especially important in infancy. However, children and adult continues to struggle with whether or not to trust others. If an individual does not …show more content…
Children who learn to be industrious master activities. Moreover, children that experience failure in school or even in peer relations may develop a sense of inferiority. Stage 5 is identity versus role confusion. Adolescence is a time young people explore who they are by establishing their identity transition from childhood to adulthood. It is a time people integrate roles into perception of self. While some that are unable to integrate roles suffer role confusion. Stage 6 is intimacy versus isolation. Young adulthood is characterized by a quest for intimacy that is more than the establishment of sexual relationship. It is the ability to share with another person without being afraid. On the other hand, people that do not attain intimacy are likely to suffer isolation. Stage 7 is generativity versus stagnation. Mature adulthood is characterized by the crisis of generativity versus stagnation. This concerns a drive to be creative and productive in a way that will aid people in the future. Adults that lacks generativity becomes self-absorbed focus primarily on their own concerns that results stagnation. Stage 8 is ego integrity versus despair. The crisis of ego integrity versus despair characterizes old age. If they appreciate their life and are content with their accomplishments, they are said to have ego integrity. And others who have failed to cope successfully with past …show more content…
Piaget hypothesizes that all people go through the cognitive stages in the same order. Piaget theory of cognitive development (1952) involves three other concepts such as adaptation, assimilation, and accommodation. Adaptation refers to the ability to adjust to the surrounding environmental conditions that involves changes to fit in and survive in the surrounding environment. Assimilation refers to the taking in of new information and the resulting integration into the schema or structure of thought. Accommodation refers to the process by which children change their perceptions and actions in order to think using higher, more abstract levels of cognition (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2016). Consequently, the theory of Erikson and Piaget correlates to the social work practice as a result theory helps social workers decide how to go about helping people. The medical model versus system theory is one example. System theory provides a better perspective for respecting people’s dignity and rights and for targeting the macro environment in order to effect change reduces oppression, and improve social conditions. Social workers need theories to guide their thinking and their work. One example on how a theory can support or contradict professional ethics involves the ethical standard that social workers must be “sensitive to cultural and ethnic diversity and strive to end discrimination, oppression, poverty, and other forms of social injustice”