Chemistry Test 1

Front 1

1 kilometer

Back 1

0.62137 mile

Front 2

1 inch

Back 2

2.54 cm (exactly)

Front 3

1 angstrom (Å)

Back 3

1 x 10-10m

Front 4

1 liter (L)

Back 4

1000 cm3 = 1000 mL= 1.056710 quarts

Front 5

1 gallon

Back 5

4 quarts = 8 pints

Front 6

Mass1 amu

Back 6

1.66054 x 10-24g

Front 7

1 pound

Back 7

453.59237 g = 16 ounces

Front 8

1 ton (metric)

Back 8

1000 kg

Front 9

1 ton(US)

Back 9

2000 pounds

Front 10

1 lb

Back 10

453. g

Front 11

1 mg

Back 11

1 x 10-3g

Front 12

1 dL

Back 12

1 x 10-1L

Front 13

1 mol = Avogadro’s number

Back 13

6.02214199 x 1023“units

Front 14

Li

Back 14

Lithium

Front 15

Na

Back 15

Sodium

Front 16

K

Back 16

Potassium

Front 17

Cl

Back 17

Chlorine

Front 18

F

Back 18

Flourine

Front 19

Br

Back 19

Bromine

Front 20

I

Back 20

Iodine

Front 21

At

Back 21

Astatine

Front 22

Be

Back 22

Beryllium

Front 23

Mg

Back 23

Magnesium

Front 24

Ca

Back 24

Calcium

Front 25

Rb

Back 25

Rubidium

Front 26

Sr

Back 26

Strontium

Front 27

Cs

Back 27

Cesium

Front 28

Ba

Back 28

Barium

Front 29

Fr

Back 29

Francium

Front 30

Ra

Back 30

Radium

Front 31

Cu

Back 31

Copper

Front 32

Ag

Back 32

Silver

Front 33

Au

Back 33

Gold

Front 34

Very reactive non metals.
Form salts with metals.
Colored elements.
Fl, Cl, Br, I , At

Back 34

Halogens

Front 35

Very low reactivity
Colorless, odorless gases

Back 35

Noble Gases

Front 36

The science of matter and the transformations it can undergo.

Back 36

Chemistry

Front 37

Why should you study chemistry

Back 37

- It helps us understand our surroundings and the way we function.
- It plays a central role in medicine, engineering and many sciences.

Front 38

Why is pacific yew a bad drug source ?

Back 38

•Removing the bark kills the tree.
•Six 100-year-old trees are used to treat each patient.

Front 39

Pacific yew bark extract has cancer-fighting properties.

Back 39

Molecular Medicine

Front 40

Why does the drug work?

Back 40

It prevents microtubule breakdown.

It binds in a pocket in tubulin.

Front 41

Paclitaxel hinders cell division

Back 41

Cancerous cells multiply faster than normal cells.

Front 42

A tentative idea to explain the observations.
Suggests further experiments to check if correct.

Back 42

hypothesis

Front 43

no numerical information

Back 43

qualitative

Front 44

contains “numbers”

Back 44

quantitative

Front 45

Extracts from Pacific-yew bark kill cancer cells.

Back 45

qualitative

Front 46

Compound “13a” is twenty times more effective than paclitaxel in killing ovarian cancer cells.

Back 46

quantitative

Front 47

summarizes a large number of experiment.

Back 47

law

Front 48

is a unifying principle to explain a body of facts and the laws based on them.

Back 48

theory

Front 49

is present before and after a physical change.

Back 49

same substance

Front 50

e.g. ice melting (solid water→liquid water).

Back 50

physical state may change.

Front 51

e.g. a lump of lead hammered into a sheet.

Back 51

gross shape may change

Front 52

e.g. a piece of wood is cut in two.

Back 52

size may change

Front 53

Measures relative energy (E) content of an object.

Back 53

Temperature

Front 54

Density =

Back 54

mass/volume

Front 55

A chemical reaction that a substance can undergo.

Back 55

chemical property

Front 56

Reactants change into different substances.

Back 56

Chemical reaction

Front 57

A cup of household bleach changes the color of your favorite T-shirt from purple to pink.

Back 57

chemical change

Front 58

An ice cube in your glass of lemonade melts.

Back 58

physical change

Front 59

this mixture

two or more substances in the same phase.

completely uniform.

Back 59

Homogeneous

Front 60

properties vary from point to point.

may need a microscope to see variation

Back 60

heterogeneous

Front 61

Cannot be decomposed into new substances

Back 61

elements

Front 62

Can be decomposed
have specific properties
have specific composition

Back 62

compounds

Front 63

objects are large enough to be seen, measured and handled without any aids.

Back 63

macroscale

Front 64

objects require a microscope to view them.

Back 64

microscale

Front 65

objects have dimensions ≈ an atom.
(nano: SI prefix for 10-9, so 1 nm = 1x10-9 m)

Back 65

nanoscale

Front 66

“Matter consists of tiny particles in constant motion”.

Back 66

kinetic molecular theory

Front 67

Closely-packed particles often in regular arrays.
•Fixed locations.
•Vibrate back & forth.
•Rigid materials.
•Small fixed volume.
•External shape often reflects inner structure.

Back 67

Solid

Front 68

•Particles are close, but farther apart than solids.
•Slightly larger, fixed volume than a solid.
•More randomly arranged than a solid.
•Constant collisions with neighbors.
•Less confined, can move past each other

Back 68

Liquid

Front 69

•Continuous rapid motion
•Particles are widely spaced.
•Travel large distances before colliding.
•No fixed volume or shape.

Back 69

Gas

Front 70

Ne

Back 70

Neon

Front 71

Hg

Back 71

Mercury

Front 72

Po

Back 72

Polonium

Front 73

•solids (except mercury –a liquid).
•conduct electricity.
•ductile (can be drawn into wires).
•malleable (can be rolled into sheets).

Back 73

Metals

Front 74

•Occur in all physical states.
solids: sulfur, phosphorus, carbon.
liquid: bromine
gases: oxygen, helium, nitrogen.

Back 74

Nonmetals

Front 75

graphite (a form of carbon) is one exception.

Back 75

doesnt conduct electricity

Front 76

6 metalloids

Back 76

boron silicon germanium

arsenic antimony tellurium.

Front 77

Look like metals (shiny).
Conduct electricity (not as well as metals).
§
semiconductors.

Back 77

metalloids

Front 78

Mostnon-metalelements form

Back 78

molecules

Front 79

Number and type of atoms in the molecule.

Relative ratio of the atoms in a compound.

Back 79

chemical formula

Front 80

How reactants convert into products

Back 80

chemical equations