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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Electrons
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found in the charges, charge of -1
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Protons
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found in the atomic number, charge of +1
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Neutrons
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atomic number subtracted from mass, charge of 0
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Isotopes
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atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons (know which number (mass number) changes when the number of neutrons are different between atoms)
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Ion
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An atom that has gained or lost an electron
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Cation
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An Ion or group of Ions having a positive charge
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Anion
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An ion with net negative charge, having more electrons than protons.
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Limiting Reagents
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It is simply the substance in a chemical reaction that runs out first. It seems to simple, but it does cause people problems.
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HCl
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Hydrochloric Acid
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H2SO4
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Sulfuric Acid
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H3PO4
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Phosphoric Acid
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NaOH
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Sodium Hydroxide
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KOH
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Potassium Hydroxide
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NH3
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Ammonia
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Solution
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stable homogenous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase. Ex: Salt H2O
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Solute
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the substance thats dissoluted in the solvent. Ex: Salt Water
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Solvent
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the substance in which the solute is dissolved. Eg: H2O is called “universal solvent”
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Saturated
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containing the largest possible amount of a particular solute.
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Unsaturated
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containing less solute than a saturated solution
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Supersaturated
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to cause (a chemical solution) to be more highly concentrated than is normally possible under given conditions of temperature and pressure.
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Concentration and Molarity
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concentration is the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of solution. We express concentration most often using the unit Molarity (M) (mol/L)
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How does pH relate to acidity and basicity?
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pH is a value to determine the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a solution
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Titration Calculation
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(cacid)(Vacid) = (cbase)(Vbase)
c = concentration and V = volume |
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Dilution calculation
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c1)(V1) = (c2)(V2)
c= concentration and V= volume |
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Covalent bond
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When atoms share one or more pairs of electrons
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Electronegativity
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ability of an atom IN A CHEMICAL COMPOUND to attract electrons. Higher the electronegativity à the stronger the pull on electrons. Electronegativity increases as you move from left to right across a period because those atoms are closer to having a complete valence shell and so they “want” electrons more than atoms on the left of the periodic table.
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Lewis Structures
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- A structural formula in which electrons are represented by dots. Dot pairs or dashes between two atomic symbols represent pairs in covalent bonds.
- Dots only represent Valence Electrons!! Including unshared/lone pairs of electrons: |
