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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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significant figures
(rules) |
-every nonzero digit is significant
-zeroes between nonzeroes are significant -zeroes appearing in front of nonzeroes are not significant -zeroes at the end of a number without a decimal point are not significant. |
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accuracy
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the extent to which a measured value agrees with a standard value
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precision
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the degree of exactness of a measurement that is repeatedly recorded
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density (equation)
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D = mass/volume --> grams/cm3 or mL
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matter
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anything with mass that takes up space
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pure substance
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a particular kind of matter with a definite, fixed composition
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elements...
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cannot be further decomposed
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compounds
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-chemical combination of two or more elements
-can be decomposed chemically |
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mixture
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-a blend of two or more pure substances
-physical combination of two or more substances -has its own chemical properties |
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heterogeneous mixture
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-components can be distinguished
-not uniform in appearance -possibly more than one phase |
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homogeneous mixture
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-same appearance throughout
-single phase |
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solution
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composed of a solute and solvent
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colloid
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particles do not settle out through time
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suspension
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particles in liquid settle out due to gravity
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classification of matter (order)
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matter
-pure substance ---element ---compound -mixture ---homogeneous ------solution ------colloid ----heterogeneous ------suspension |
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C --> K (conversion)
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C = K - 273
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K --> C (conversion)
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K = C + 273
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F --> C
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(9/5)C + 32
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C --> F
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C = (5/9) (F-32)
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three equations in calorimetry
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q=mcT
C=q/mT -q=q |
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specific heat rules
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-adding energy raises temperature
-removing energy lowers temperature. |
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John Dalton
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all elements are composed of atoms
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JJ Thomson
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atoms was composed of pluses and minuses; atom is electronically neutral
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Ernest Rutherford
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atom is mostly empty space; theorized presence of a nucleus
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radioactivity
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is a substance is capable to always emitting radiation under any conditions
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alpha
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-large
-can be stopped with apiece of paper |
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beta
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-high speed electron
-can be stopped with aluminum foil |
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gamma
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-high energetic energy rays
-can be stopped with lead |
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half-life
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the time required for half of a radioisotope's nuclei to decay into its products
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fission
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-large nucleus bombarded with a small particle
nucleus splits into smaller nuclei and several neutrons |
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fusion
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combines small nuclei into larger nuclei
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chain reaction
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needs neutrons and a critical mass
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