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67 Cards in this Set

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Chemistry

Study of matter

No hint required

Matter

Anything with mass or volume

No hint required

Three states of matter

Solid liquid and gas

No hint required

Physical property of matter

Describe the physical appearance or composition of a substance

PHYSICAL

Physical properties of matter

Boiling / condensing Point, melting / freezing point, malleability, ductility, color, State, solubility, Crystal formation, and conductivity

There are 9 of them

Boiling / condensing point

Temperature at which boiling or condensing occurs

N/a

Melting / freezing point

Temperature at which melting or freezing occurs

N/a

Malleability

Ability to be beaten or rolled into sheets without crumbling

Think of metal spoons and how you can bend them forward and back

Ductility

Ability to be stretched without breaking

Think of how long duct tape is

Color

Color

N/a

State

Solid, liquid, or gas

N/a

Solubility

Ability to dissolve in a liquid

DisSOLve


SOLubility

Crystal formation

Crystalline appearance

Self-explanatory

Conductivity

Ability to conduct heat or electricity

Conduct

Physical change

Involves a change in physical properties of a substance without changing the type of matter; no new substance is created during a physical change, although the matter takes a different form

Changing physically

Chemical property of matter

A property that describes the ability of a substance to change into a new substance or substances

More detail Than Physical

Chemical properties of matter

Ability to burn, flash point, behaviour in air, reaction with water, and reaction to Heating

There are five of them

Ability to burn

Combustion (flame, heat, light)

Burst into flames


comBUSTion

Flash point

Lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid will ignite in air

Justice League Flashpoint paradox


Aquaman is in Justice League Aquaman equals water


Flash equals fire


Superman can fly equals air

Behaviour in Air

Tendency to degrade, react, or tarnish

How does it act in air

Reaction with water

Tendency to corrode or dissolve

How does it react in water

Reaction to Heating

Tendency to melt or decompose

How does it react with heat

Clues that chemical change has occurred

Heat or light is given off, bubbles of gas are given off, precipitate forms when two liquids combine, color change, and change is not easily reversed as the object reacting has become something new

There are five of them

Pure substance

Made up of only one kind of matter and has a unique set of properties

Pure

Element

Pure substance that cannot be broken down into any simpler substance

Elements from the Earth

Compound

Pure substance that is made from two or more elements that are combined chemically

Compound words

Mixture

Combination of pure substances

Mix

Homogeneous mixture

Mixture that looks the same throughout and the separate components are not visible

Homo means same

Solution

Homogeneous mixture

SOLution


disSOLving


when something dissolves it all looks the same

Heterogeneous mixture

In which different parts of the mixture are visible

Hetero means different

Suspension

Heterogeneous mixture in which a cloudy mixture is formed when the particles of one substance are held within another substance

Suspension is temporary


Particles are only partially visible

Mechanical mixture

Heterogeneous mixture which may contain several solids combined together

Machines are clunky and not smooth

John Dalton's atomic theory

All matter is made of atoms


All atoms of a given element are the same


Compounds are formed when different atoms combine in a fixed proportion


Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms

There are four points

Proton (symbol relative mass charge and location)

p+


1836


1+


Nucleus

There are usually less protons than neutrons

Neutron (symbol relative mass charge and location)

n0


1837


0


Nucleus

There are usually more neutrons than protons

Electron (symbol relative mass charge location)


1


1-


e-11-In shells surrounding nucleus


In shells surrounding nucleus

Electrons are the only ones that can move around therefore they must be very light

Valence shell

Outermost shell of an atom

A vail is put on the outside of a face

Periodic table

Contains a standard set of symbols to represent the elements; laid out in a specific pattern (developed by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869)

No hint needed

Atomic number

Number of protons and electrons in an atom

N/a

Atomic mass

Measure of average mass of an atom of an element; found in the nucleus (protons and neutrons)

Mass of atoms

Ion

An atom with a charge

Don't overthink

Metals ... electrons to form ... ions called ...

Lose


Positive


Cations

Think about the placement of metals on the periodic table

Non metals ... electrons to form ... ions which are called ...

Gain


Negative


Anions

Think of the placement of non-metals on the periodic table

Polyatomic ion

Group of atoms with a charge

Poly means multiple

NH4+

Ammonium

Only positive one

OH-

Hydroxide

Switch the H and the O; form the name

HCO3-

Bicarbonate

The really long one that I like

CO3-2

Carbonate

Carbonater

NO3-

Nitrate

You want to eat more

NO2-

Nitrite

The other one

NO2-

Nitrite

The other one

ClO3-

Chlorate

Cl

MnO4-

Permanganate

PoMegranate

SO4-2

Sulphate

You want to eat more

SO3-2

Sulphite

The other one

PO4-3

Phosphate

You want to eat more

PO3-3

Phosphite

The other one

Metals:


Luster


Malleability


Conductivity


React with acid


Room temperature

Shiny


Malleable


Conductors


Yes (mostly)


Solids (mostly)

Common sense

Nonmetals:


Luster


Malleability


Conductivity


React with acid


Room temperature

Dull


Brttle


Insulators (mostly)


No


Can be all states

Opposite of metals

Metalloids

Elements with properties of both metals and nonmetals

Easy

Period

Horizontal rows

Periods are a week


Weeks go horizontally

Groups (families)

Vertical columns

The other one

Chemical families

Alkali metals


alkaline earth metals


halogens (nonmetals)


noble gases (nonmetals)

There are four

Alkali metals

Lithium sodium potassium Etc


shiny silvery metals


form white solid compounds


react easily with water and oxygen

Alkaline sounds futuristic

Alkaline earth metals

Magnesium calcium and barium


shiny silvery gray metals


insoluble in water


harder than group one but also reactive

Earth metals are less futuristic

Halogens

Fluorine chlorine bromine iodine


Colored non metals


very reactive


poisonous elements that react regularly with sodium and other alkali metals

Halogens equals chemicals

Noble gases

Helium neon argon Krypton generally the noble gases do not form compounds


nonmetals are colorless


odorless unreactive gases

Nobility is too cool to hang out with anyone else