Chemistry Post-Test Review Vocab

Front 1

Accuracy

Back 1

The __________ of a measurement is how close a result comes to the true value.

Front 2

Catalyst

Back 2

a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

Front 3

Electronegativity

Back 3

measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

Front 4

Precision

Back 4

refers to the closeness of two or more measurements to each other

Front 5

Phase

Back 5

a physically distinctive form of matter, such as a solid, liquid, gas or plasma

Front 6

Lone Pair

Back 6

an electron pair in the outermost shell of an atom that is not shared or bonded to another atom

Front 7

Orbital

Back 7

regions of space around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is likely to be found

Front 8

Valence Electron

Back 8

a single electron or one of two or more electrons in the outer shell of an atom that is responsible for the chemical properties of the atom

Front 9

Salt

Back 9

an ionic compound that results from the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base

Front 10

Temperature

Back 10

measure of the intensity of heat, i.e. the hotness or coldness of a sample

Front 11

Period

Back 11

horizontal row of the periodic table

Front 12

Product

Back 12

substances that result from this recombination of atoms are called the _________ of the reaction

Front 13

Single Replacement

Back 13

a type of oxidation-reduction chemical reaction when an element or ion moves out of one compound and into another

Front 14

Condensation

Back 14

a chemical reaction involving union between molecules often with elimination of a simple molecule (as water) to form a new more complex compound of often greater molecular weight

Front 15

Ground State

Back 15

The lowest energy state or most stablestate of an atom, molecule or ion

Front 16

Empirical Formula

Back 16

a chemical formulashowing the simplest ratio of elements in a compound rather than the total number of atoms in the molecule

Front 17

Immiscible

Back 17

Incapable of being mixed or blended together

Front 18

Homogeneous Mixture

Back 18

refers to substances and mixtures which are in a single phase

Front 19

Heterogeneous Mixture

Back 19

made of different substances that remain physically separate. ___________________ always have more than one phase

Front 20

Halogen

Back 20

five non-metallic elements found in group 17 of the periodic table

Front 21

Heat

Back 21

A form of energy that flows between two samples of matter because of their differences in temperature.

Front 22

Molar Mass

Back 22

The mass in grams of one mole of any pure substance

Front 23

Surface Tension

Back 23

the energy, or work, required to increase the surface area of a liquid due tointermolecular forces.

Front 24

Sublimation

Back 24

the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through the intermediate liquid phase.

Front 25

Reaction

Back 25

A process in which atoms of the same or different elements rearrange themselves to form a new substance.

Front 26

Family/Group

Back 26

a _______ is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements.

Front 27

Decomposition

Back 27

analysis or breakdown is the separation of achemical compound into elements or simpler compounds

Front 28

Double Replacement

Back 28

a type of chemical reaction where two compounds react, and the positive ions (cation) and the negative ions (anion) of the two reactants switch places, forming two new compounds or products

Front 29

Filtration

Back 29

a technique used either to remove solid impurities from an organic solution or to isolate an organic solid

Front 30

Excited State

Back 30

When a valence electron absorbs energy, it enters what is known as

Front 31

Alloy

Back 31

a mixture of either pure or fairly pure chemicalelements, which forms an impure substance (admixture) that retains the characteristics of a metal.

Front 32

Anion

Back 32

a negatively charged ion

Front 33

Acid

Back 33

a chemical substance that has the ability to react with bases and certain metals (like calcium) to form salts.

Front 34

Endothermic

Back 34

requiring energy to work

Front 35

Cation

Back 35

a positively charged ion

Front 36

Covalent

Back 36

of, relating to, or denoting chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Front 37

Exothermic

Back 37

releasing energy

Front 38

isotope

Back 38

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei

Front 39

octet rule

Back 39

a simple chemical rule of thumb that states that atoms tend to combine in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shells

Front 40

ionic

Back 40

an electron bond formed by the transfer of electrons

Front 41

reactant

Back 41

a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.

Front 42

synthesis

Back 42

the production of a substance by the union of chemical elements

Front 43

combustion

Back 43

is any process in which a substance combines with oxygen to produce heat and light.

Front 44

distillation

Back 44

The separation of a liquid mixture into its components on the basis of differences in boiling points.