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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How are elements related to molecules? |
Element atoms are the "building blocks" that make up molecules |
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What is polarity? |
When there is a difference in charge across a covalently bonded molecule occurring as a result of unequal sharing of electrons |
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Which side of a water molecule is negative? |
The oxygen side |
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What makes water special? |
Hydrogen bonds, which leads to a high surface tension, the ability to be a great solvent, and the ability to resist temperature changes |
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What are the 5 most abundant compounds in living things? |
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur |
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How many bonds can a carbon molecule make? |
4 |
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What is the relationship between monomers, polymers, and macromolecules? |
Monomers make up polymers which make up macromolecules |
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What is the monomer of carbohydrates? |
Simple sugars, or monosaccharides |
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What is the functional group(s) of carbohydrates? |
Hydroxyl and Carbonyl |
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What is the function of carbohydrates in the body? |
Providing quick energy |
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What are some examples of foods containing carbohydrates? |
bread, potatoes, cereal, pasta |
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What elements make up carbohydrates? |
Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen |
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What is the ratio of C:H:O in carbohydrates? |
1:2:1 |
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What is the monomer of lipids? |
Fatty acids |
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What is the functional group(s) of lipids? |
Carboxyl |
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What is the function of lipids in the body? |
Storage of energy |
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What are some foods that contain lipids? |
butter, oils |
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What elements make up lipids? |
Lots of Carbon and Hydrogen with a few Oxygen |
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What is the monomer of proteins? |
Amino Acids |
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What is the functional group(s) in proteins? |
Carboxyl and Amino |
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What is the function of proteins in the body |
Structural, Metabolic, Speeding up Reactions, among others |
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What are some foods containing proteins? |
meat |
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What elements make up proteins |
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen |
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What is the monomer of nucleic acids? |
Nucleotides |
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What is the functional group(s) in nucleic acids? |
phosphate group |
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What is the function of nucleic acids in the body? |
Storing hereditary information, and protein synthesis |
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Where can you find nucleic acids |
DNA, RNA |
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What elements make up nucleic acids? |
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus |
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What does a carbonyl group look like? |
C=O |
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What does a hydroxyl group look like? |
C-OH |
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What does a carboxyl group look like? |
H O | C=O |
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What does an amino group look like? |
N-H | H |
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What does a phosphorus group look like? |
O | O-P-O | O |
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What are some characteristics of Saturated Fats? |
No double bonded Carbon, solids @ room temperature |
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What are some characteristics of Unsaturated Fats? |
Double bonded Carbons, liquids at room temperature |
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What is a Trans Fat? |
Artificially straightened unsaturated fats |
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What are some examples of proteins? |
Keratin, Collagen, ENZYMES, hemoglobin, insulin |
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What is an R group |
a variable group in amino acids |
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What is a primary protein look like? |
straight chain of amino acids (polypeptide) |
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What is a secondary Protein? |
Chain of amino acids folded into sheets or helices |
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What is a tertiary protein? |
Chain of amino acids in a 3D shape |
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What is a quaternary protein? |
Two 3D chains of amino acids together |
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What do enzymes do? |
Speed up chemical reactions in the body |
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Can lactase work with glucose? |
No, enzymes are very specific: Lactase works with lactose |
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What is activation energy? |
the amount of energy required to start a reaction |
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What is a substrate |
the molecule an enzyme targets |
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What is an active site |
the area on an enzyme where the reaction happens |
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What does an enzyme inhibitor do? |
Slow down or stop a chemical reaction |
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Name the two types of enzyme inhibitors |
competitive and non-competitive |
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What is a nucleotide composed of? |
5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base |
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-ose |
sugar |
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-ase |
enzyme |
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What kind of molecule is hydrophilic? |
polar |
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What kind of molecule is hydrophobic? |
non-polar |
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What is dehydration synthesis? |
the bonding of two ring sugars |
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What is the waste product of dehydration synthesis |
water |
