Biology Test: The Chemistry Of Life

Front 1

What are living things made of?

Back 1

Atoms

Front 2

A nucleus is a solid mass of things caleld what?

Back 2

Protons & electrons

Front 3

What "whiz" around in layers that surround the nucleus. What are these layers called?

Back 3

Electrons, Energy Levels

Front 4

How many different kinds of atoms occur in nature? What do these different kinds of atoms have different numbers of?

Back 4

3, protons, neutrons, & electrons

Front 5

How many elements out of the 90 are essential to organisms?

Back 5

25

Front 6

What four elements make up 96% of the human body?

Back 6

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, & nitrogen

Front 7

Living things use atoms to make organic molecules such as what?

Back 7

Carbos, Lipids, & proteins

Front 8

These bonds are formed when atoms share electrons.

Back 8

Covalent

Front 9

These kinds of bonds are formed when one atom takes electrons from another atom.

Back 9

Ionic

Front 10

_________are atoms joined by covalent bonds & therefore have no overall what?

Back 10

Molecules, charge

Front 11

Chemical reactions occur when what between atoms are broken & reformed?

Back 11

Bonds

Front 12

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism.

Back 12

Metabolism

Front 13

Compounds to the left of the arrow are?

Back 13

Reactants

Front 14

Compounds to the right are the?

Back 14

Products

Front 15

Equations must be?

Back 15

Balanced

Front 16

The number before refers to?

Back 16

Number of molecules or ions

Front 17

A solution is a mixture in which one or more substances are evenly what in another substance.

Back 17

Distrubuted

Front 18

________are dissolved in ______

Back 18

Substances, Solutions

Front 19

________ the solution inside cells & the solution that bathes cells are important water-based solutions

Back 19

Concentration

Front 20

Concentration: the amount of what in the amount of what?

Back 20

strength, solution

Front 21

pH scale decribes whether a substance is what?

Back 21

acidic, basic, or neutral

Front 22

Acidic solutions have a high concentration of?

Back 22

Hydrogen ions

Front 23

Basic solutions have a high concentration of?

Back 23

Hydroxide ions

Front 24

What is mostly water?

Back 24

blood

Front 25

What makes up between what percentages of most organisms?

Back 25

70 & 95%

Front 26

Molecule with an unequal ditrubution of charge.

Back 26

Polar Molecule

Front 27

Water pulls itself up little tubes, which is important for plants. What is this action called?

Back 27

Capillary action

Front 28

Water resists what?

Back 28

temperature changes

Front 29

Water does what when it freezes?

Back 29

expands

Front 30

The movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Back 30

Diffusion

Front 31

Eventually particales in a solution will reach a state of ________ _______, where the particles are equally distrubuted.

Back 31

dynamic equilibruim

Front 32

Diffusion is how many things move in & out of what?

Back 32

cells

Front 33

Diffusion is the way what moves into an organism & carbon dioxide moves out.

Back 33

oxygen

Front 34

About how many trace elements are there?

Back 34

20, they exist in small amounts

Front 35

What are the three different states?

Back 35

Solids, Liquids, & gasses

Front 36

How is the state determined?

Back 36

By how fast atoms & molecules move

Front 37

Overall, what do electrons do?

Back 37

cancel each other out & balance

Front 38

List 5 trace elements.

Back 38

Sulfur, Iron, Calcium, Phosphuros, & Zinc

Front 39

Chains can be _________, _________ or made of adjacent rings.

Back 39

straight, branched

Front 40

Very large molecules(macromolecules) are made in living rganisms using long chains of?

Back 40

carbon

Front 41

What is a monomer?

Back 41

Single moelcular unit that creates polymers

Front 42

When polymers are made by living things, they are called what?

Back 42

Biopolymers

Front 43

Carbohydrates are molecules composed of?

Back 43

Carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen

Front 44

Composed of one ring structure, considered to be monomers for larger carbos. *smallest type of carbohydrates

Back 44

Monosaccharide

Front 45

Composed of two monosac. joined together.

Back 45

Disaccharide

Front 46

Composed of many monosac. joined together

Back 46

Polysaccharides

Front 47

List examples of Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, & Polysccharides.

Back 47

Mono.: fructose, glucose
Disac.: sucose
Poly.: glycogen, starch, cellulose

Front 48

Lipids are composed of? & they are what in water because the are non polar?

Back 48

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen; insoluble

Front 49

What are lipids & carbos used for?

Back 49

to store energy

Front 50

Proteins are primarily made of?

Back 50

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen

Front 51

Proteins can be large, made of thousands of monomers called what?

Back 51

amino acids

Front 52

Regulate chemical reactions in the organism by bringing together parts of a molecule or pulling molecules apart.

Back 52

Enzymes

Front 53

Nucleic aicds are composed of?

Back 53

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, & phosporous

Front 54

Nucleic acids are huge polymers made up of monomers called? What are 2 examples of N.A.?

Back 54

Nucleotides; RNA & DNA

Front 55

What do enzymes do?

Back 55

force molecules together in a way that will force them to reactm can also pull apart stable molecules

Front 56

In living tissue a waste product is produced called? As it builds up it becomes?

Back 56

Hydrogen proroxide; poisonous

Front 57

What is peroxidose?

Back 57

enzyme, will pull apart hydrogen peroxide to form water & oxygen.

Front 58

The 4 biopolymers have a backbone of?

Back 58

carbon

Front 59

In chemical equations atoms are not what?

Back 59

broken or destroyed

Front 60

The first energy level can hold of maximum of how many electrons? Second? Third?

Back 60

1st: two
2nd: eight
3rd: eighteen

Front 61

Carbohydrates contain hydrogen & oxygen in a ratio of?

Back 61

2:1

Front 62

Substance composed of two or more atoms of different elements joined by a chemical bond.

Back 62

Compound