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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Boyle's law
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volume occupied by a gas is inversely related to the pressure of the gas.
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Absloute zero/Kelvin scale
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the volume occupied by a gas decreases as tempurature decreases.
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Charles' Law
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volume occupied by a gas is directly proportional to tempurature.
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Combined gas law
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PxV/T = k3
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Avagadro's law
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volume occupied by a gas would be expected to increase in proportion to the number of moles of gas in the sample.
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Ideal gas law
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PV=nRT
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Enthalpy
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heat of reaction
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Endothermic
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ΔH is (+) ad heat flows into reaction
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Exothermic
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ΔH is (-) and heat is given off by reaction
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Specific heat
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heat of the reaction of the solution
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calorimeter
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a device that can be used to measure heat flow.
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State functions
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Enthalpies of reactions
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Hess's law
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if a reaction can be calculated as the sum of two other reactions, then the enthalpy change for that reaction can be calculated as the sum of the enthalpies of two other reactions.
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spectroscopy
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the study of how matter interacts with electromagnetic radiation.
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spectrum
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a plot of the intensity of light as a function of wavelength
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continuous spectra
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the intensity of light varies smoothly as a function of wavelength.
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line spectrum
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contains only discrete wavelengths, or “lines” with dark regions in
between. |
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quantized
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they can only have specified energies that
vary in a step-like fashion |
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periods
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horizontal rows
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groups/families
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vertical columns
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valence shell
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outermost layer
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valence electrons
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electrons in outermost shell
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periodic trends
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progressive changes in reactivity as we move across a period or down in a group
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ionization energy
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a metal is a measure of how easily the metal will lose an electron.
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octect rule
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atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons to attain a completely filled valence shell electron configuration
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expanded octet
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they accomodate more than eight electrons in their velence shell
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molecular geometry
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depends only on arrangement of bonding electron clouds and may be different from the electronic geometry.
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dipole
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a positive or negative end
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