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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Experiment 1 |
Measurements |
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Standard density of water |
24-28 C = 0.996 g/mL 29-31= 0.995 32-35 = 0.994 |
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Boiling & Freezing Point C, F, K Equations |
C (100, 0) F (212, 32) K (373, 273) 5/9(F - 32) 9/5C + 32 C + 273 |
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Experiment 2 |
Bunsen Burner |
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1. base 2. gas inlet 3. collar 4. air holes 5. gas spud 6. gas adjustment 7. barrel |
1. keeps barrel upright 2. where gas enters 3. regulates amount of air 4. where air enters 5. regulates flow of gas into barrel in jet-like manner 6. regulates amount of gas 7. where gas and air mix |
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Parts of flame |
outer (oxidizing) zone (hottest) reducing zone inner zone (unburned gas; coolest part) |
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Hottest/coolest part of wet cardboard |
oxidizing zone/inner zone |
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Complete/Incomplete Combustion |
C4H10 (butane) + O2 >> CO2 + H2O blue nonluminous flame C4H10 + O2 (limited) >> C (soot) + CO2 + H2O orange luminous flame |
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Experiment 3 |
Common Lab Operations |
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ferric chloride + sodium hydroxide reaction |
FeCl3 + 3NaOH >> Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl |
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Heating Liquids in Test Tubes Transferring Liquids |
1. 45 angle, heat top portion first, move back forth slowly 2. use stirring rod |
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3 Methods of Separating Liquid from Solid |
Filtration (filtrate) Decantation (supernatant) Evaporation (residue) |
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Residue after heating FeCl3 + NaOH filtrate |
NaCl |
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Experiment 4 |
Kinds of Matter and Their Properties |
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Three Methods of Separating Iron + Sulfur Mix. |
1. Magnet 2. Tap water 3. Carbon disulfide + filtration (most effective) Carbon disulfide dissolves sulfur >> filtration separates iron >> carb. disulf. evaporates >> sulfur residue |
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iron + sulfur heat reaction |
Fe + S >> (ht) FeS (compound, cannot be separated) |
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magnesium ribbon heat reaction |
2Mg + O2 >> (ht.) 2MgO (white) + energy |
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magnesium oxide + water reaction |
MgO + H2O >> Mg(OH)2 (white) |
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Exp. 4 Compound Mixture Homogenous Heterogenous |
Compound - FeS, MgO, Mg(OH) Mixture - Fe + S, NaCl Homo. - NaCl Hetero. - FeS |
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Experiment 5 |
Types of Chem Reactions |
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Synthesis/Combination |
iron + sulfur (ht) magnesium ribbon (ht) magnesium oxide + water Fe + S >> (ht) FeS 2Mg + O2 >> (ht) 2MgO + energy MgO + H2O >> Mg(OH)2 |
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Decomposition |
copper sulfate (ht) sugar (ht) CuSO4 ~ 5H2O (blue) >> (ht) CuSO4 (white) + 5H2O C12H22O11 (brown) >> (ht) 12C (black) + 11H2O |
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Double Decomp. |
bar. chloride + potas. chromate fer. chloride + sod. hydroxide BaCl2 + K2CrO4 >> BaCrO4 + 2KCl FeCl3 + 3NaOH >> Fe(OH)3 + 3NaCl |
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Displacement/Substitution |
Al + HCl iron + copper sulfate sol. 2Al + 6HCl >> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (Al more active) CuSO4 + Fe >> FeSO4 + Cu (Fe more active) |
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Al + HCl reaction |
2Al + 6HCl >> 2AlCl3 + 3H2 (Al more active) |
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CuSO4 + Fe reaction |
CuSO4 + Fe >> FeSO4 + Cu (Fe more active) |
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Experiment 6 |
Charle's Law |
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Vol. of air at high temp. Vol. of air at low temp. |
1. vol. of apparatus 2. (vol. of app. - vol. of water in flask) |
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Charle's Law |
T1/T2 = V1/V2 |
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Experiment 7 |
Graham's Law |
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chemicals used in diffusion tube gases involved in reaction |
NH4OH, HCl NH3, HCl |
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NH3 + HCl reaction |
NH3 + HCl >> NH4Cl (white ring) |
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rate of diffusion |
distance/time |
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Graham's Law (Law of Diffusion) |
rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to the sqt. of the mol. weight r1/r2 = sqt(m2) / sqt(m1) |
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Experiment 8 |
Water |
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bread heat reaction |
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leaf heat reaction |
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brown sugar heat reaction |
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Three Examples of Hydrates |
CuSO4 CaCl2 Na2SO4 |
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Deliquesence |
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Efflorescence |
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Methods of Purifying Water |
filter paper sand + cotton |
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Hydrolysis |
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Experiment 9 |
Solutions |
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iodine + chloroform |
white >> purple |
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ethyl alcohol + water |
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glycerin + water |
miscible |
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oil + water |
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Types of Saturation |
sodium thiosulfate |
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Exothermic Reaction |
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Endothermic Reaction |
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Factors Influencing Dissolving Velocity |
state of subdivision temperature (CuSO4 was used) |
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Experiment 10 |
Colloids |
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Condensation Method |
FeCl3 + 3H2O sulfur alcohol solution in water |
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Dispersion Method |
gelatin water + oil water + oil + soap (emulsifying agent) |
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gelatin |
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water + coconut oil |
temporary emulsion |
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water + oil + soap |
permanent emulsion, soap = emuls. agent, stabilizes interface b/w water + oil |
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Tyndal Effect |
scattering of light by colloidal particles Fe(OH)3 suspension Sulfur suspension K2CrO4 (not affected, true sol.) |
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Dialysis |
Fe(OH)3 = did not pass K2CrO4 = passed |
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Experiment 11 |
Acids & Bases |
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methyl orange phenolphthalein |
HCl (red) HAc (red orange) NaOH (pink) NH4OH (violet) |
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Al + HAc Al + HCl |
2Al + 6C2H4O2 >> 2Al(C2H3O2)3 + 3H2
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CaCO3 + HAc CaCO3 + HCl |
2C2H4O2 + CaCO3 >> Ca(C2H3O2)2 + H2O + CO2 2HCl + CaCO3 >> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 |
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Amphoteric Substance |
act as both acid + base Al(OH)3 Zn(OH)2 Cr(OH)3 |
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Al2(SO4)3 + NaOH reaction |
Al2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH >> 2Al(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4 |
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Zn(NO3)2 + NaOH reaction |
Zn(NO3)2 + NaOH >> Zn(OH)2 + NaNO3 |
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Cr2(SO4)3 + NaOH reaction |
Cr2(SO4)3 + 6NaOH >> 2Cr(OH)3 + 3Na2SO4 |
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CaCl2 + NaOH reaction |
CaCl2 + 2NaOH >> Ca(OH)2 + 2NaCl |
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Al(OH)3 + NaOH reaction |
Al(OH)3 + 3NaOH >> Na3AlO3 + 3H2O |
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Zn(OH)2 + NaOH reaction |
Zn(OH)2 + 2NaOH >> N2ZNO2 + 2H2O |
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Cr(OH)3 + 3NaOH reaction |
Cr(OH)3 + 3NaOH >> Na3CrO3 + 3H2O |
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Neutralization |
NH4OH + HCl >> NH4Cl + H2O (strong a. weak b.) NaOH + HAc >> NaAc + H2O (strong b. weak a.) |
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Salt and an Acid reaction |
Na2CO3 + 2HCl >> 2NaCl + HCO3 HCO3 >> H2O + CO2 |
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Two Salts reaction |
BaCl2 + K2CrO4 >> BaCrO4 + 2KCl |
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Prep. of Salt by Replacement |
SbCl3 + 2H2O >> Sb(OH)2Cl + 2HCl |
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soluble vs insoluble NH4Cl NaAc NaCl BaCrO4 |
only BaCrO4 is insoluble |
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Neutral, Acid, Basic Salt NaCl NH4Cl Na2CO3 K2SO4 |
neutral acid basic neutral |
