Chemistry Exam Iii

Front 1

What is the ratio and conversion of "amu" to "g/mol"?

Back 1

1:1 ratio; 1 amu "equals" 1 g/mol

Front 2

How do you calculate the formulate weight?

Back 2

You multiply the mass number of the element by the number of elements in the compound;

(2) then you add up all of the values of elements in the compound to get the total number of "amu"

(3) Then convert the formulate weight from "amu" to "g/mol"

Front 3

What does amu mean? g/mol?

Back 3

amu = atomic mass units

- "weight of the molecules"

g/mol = grams per mole

- "formulate weight"

Front 4

What is the importances of formulate weights and formulas?

Back 4

- We need to balance equations

- We can then tell stories about the reaction going on

Front 5

How do you balance equations?

Back 5

1. Check both sides of the equations to determine whether they are balanced

2. Tally up the number of each element on both sides

3. Then balance both sides of the equation so that they are equal

Front 6

What is produced as a result of this chemical reaction?

C + O2 --> CO2

Back 6

Carbon dioxide + Energy

- This reaction produces heat, therefore energy is produced as well

Front 7

What type of process does C + O2 --> CO2 + Energy produce? Why?

Back 7

It produces an exothermic process, because of rule #1, electrons need to gain stability

- The reason why carbon burns in or with oxygen is because the product you make is far more stable, because it has blow off a lot of energy to become energy

Front 8

What type of process would occur if you tried to make Carbon out of Carbon dioxide?

CO2 --> C + O2

Back 8

Because you have to punch energy into the product, carbon dioxide, to produce the element, carbon, the type of process would be considered to be an "endothermic" reaction

Front 9

Endothermic reactions ______________ energy?

Exothermic reactions _____________ energy?

Back 9

Endothermic reactions absorb energy, and exothermic reactions release energy.

Front 10

How can we change or enhance the rate of reaction of a chemical reactions?

Back 10

1. We can increase the concentration of the things reacting

2. We can increase the energy in which they run into each other (raise the temperature of...)

3. We can add in a catalyst that will help them come together and do their reaction

Front 11

Why is H2O, H20?

Back 11

The Octet Rule, they react because of rule #1, to gain stability

- Electrons are doing 2 things: staying away from each other, and getting as close to the nucleus as possible

- Have to share electrons, (covalent compounds)

Front 12

What type of compound is formed when elements are giving and taking electrons?

Back 12

Ionic Compound

Front 13

If you can 8 valence electrons into the outer valence shell, you can gain ____________?

Back 13

stability

Front 14

Cations __________ electrons, and its symbol is ___?

Back 14

Lose Electrons; (+)

Front 15

Anions ___________ electrons, and its symbol is ___?

Back 15

Gain electrons; (-)

Front 16

What type of compounds is formed when elements of a compound share electrons?

Back 16

Covalent compounds

Front 17

How do you figure how much of an element is need to react with another element?

Back 17

Use formulas; balanced equations to figure by "weight" how much of this (element) has to react with the other element

Front 18

What 3 properties do we work with in Chemistry?

Back 18

Liquids, solids, and gases

Front 19

What is a solution?

Back 19

It is a vehicle in which things are sitting, and how they are going to react

- they are made up of solutes and solvents

- can be complicated

Front 20

What is a heterogenous solution?

Back 20

A solution in which you can see the individual components

Front 21

What is a homogenous solution?

Back 21

A solution in which you CANNOT see the individual components

Front 22

What is a solute?

Back 22

Is the "stuff" or "things" dissolve in the solvent

Front 23

What is a solvent?

Back 23

for example: water;

- it is the component in the largest amount of a solution

Front 24

What is an aqueous solution?

Back 24

is a solution in which the solvent is water

Front 25

What are examples of aqueous solutions?

Back 25

HCl (hydrochloric acid), HNaO (sodium hydroxide), dissolved in what

Front 26

How do you determine if a solution is an acid or a base?

Back 26

- Acids taste sour

- Bases taste bitter

- if you have an unknown solution, and it reacts with a base, then it is an acid

- if you have an unknown solution, and it reacts with an acid, it is an base

- acids when you pour them onto metals, create hydrogen case

- litmus paper color test

- pH scale

Front 27

What does litmus paper tell you concerning acids and bases?

Back 27

For acids: blue litmus paper turns red

For bases: red litmus paper turns blue

Front 28

What does the pH paper tell you?

Back 28

Ranges from 1-14;

Between pH 1-6 is an acid;

Between pH 8-14 is a base;

pH 7 is neutral

- it is a log scale of 10

Front 29

Is normal rain, acid rain?

Back 29

Yes

Front 30

How much more is acid rain with a pH 4 than acid rain with a pH 6?

Back 30

6 - 4 = 2; therefore (2 times): 10 X 10 = 100 times more acidic

Front 31

How would you solve the acid rain due to industrial pollution?

Back 31

- Alternative energy clean energy, such as: wind turbines, solar panels, dam or water power, hydrogen power

- Regulate the amount of emissions released into the air

Front 32

Why is there acid rain in some locations and not others?

Back 32

Because of the locations of industrial companies that use fossil fuels as energy sources;

greater population of vehicle drivers, and therefore greater release of emissions into the air;

Front 33

Define oxidation-reduction reactions.

Back 33

- they occur simultaneously, together

- they are opposites

Front 34

Define oxidation reactions.

Back 34

Gain oxygen; Lose (-) electrons, loss hydrogen

Front 35

Define reduction reactions.

Back 35

Loss oxygen; gain electrons, gain hydrogen