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335 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Adjustment amount for Giga
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10 to the 9th power
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adjustment amount for Mega
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10 to the 6th power
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adjustment amount for Kilo
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10 to the 3rd power
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Adjustment amount for Hecto
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10 to the 2nd power
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Adjustment amount for Deca
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10 to the 1st power
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Adjustment amount for Deci
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10 to the negative 1
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Adjustment amount for Centi
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10 to the negative 2
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Adjustment amount for Milli
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10 to the negative 3
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Adjustment amount for Micro
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10 to the negative 6
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Adjustment amount for Nano
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10 to the negative 9
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Define conversion factor
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The ratio of one unit to another
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Define Unit analysis
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A method of solving problems using the units given in the problem
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What are the two primary rules to remember for Metric to Metric conversion
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1. If you are not in the base unit to begin with then go into the base unit
2. When putting in the numbers the base unit will always get the expoential and non-base unit always get the 1 |
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How many quarts in a gallon
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4
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How many pints in a gallon
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8
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How many ounces in a gallon
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128
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How many feet in a mile
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5280
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How many feet in a yard
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3
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How many inches in a foot
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12
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How many pounds in a ton
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2000
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How many ounces in a pound
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16
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What is the Volume conversion factor for metric-english
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1 L - 1.06 quarts
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What is the Length conversion for metric-english
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1 m = 3.28 feet
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What is the Mass conversion for metric - english
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1 lb = 454 grams
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Define density
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The ratio of a subjects mass to it's volume
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What are the density units for the metric system
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g/cc - Solids
g/ml - Liquids g/L - Gasses |
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Anytime you have a dual unit it can be used as a
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Conversion factor
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What are the density units for the metric system
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g/cc - Solids
g/ml - Liquids g/L - Gasses |
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What are the density units for the metric system
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g/cc - Solids
g/ml - Liquids g/L - Gasses |
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On this scale absolute zero has a value of 0. There are no lower temperatures
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Kelvin Temperature Scale
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Anytime you have a dual unit it can be used as a
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Conversion factor
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On this scale absolute zero has a value of 0. There are no lower temperatures
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Kelvin Temperature Scale
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Water has a freezing point of zero on this scale and boiling point of 100
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Celsius or centigrade scale
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Anytime you have a dual unit it can be used as a
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Conversion factor
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Water has a freezing point of zero on this scale and boiling point of 100
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Celsius or centigrade scale
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Water has a freezing point of 32 on this scale and a boiling point of 212
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Fahrenheit Scale
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On this scale absolute zero has a value of 0. There are no lower temperatures
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Kelvin Temperature Scale
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Water has a freezing point of zero on this scale and boiling point of 100
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Celsius or centigrade scale
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Water has a freezing point of 32 on this scale and a boiling point of 212
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Fahrenheit Scale
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Water has a freezing point of 32 on this scale and a boiling point of 212
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Fahrenheit Scale
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When converting from celcius to Fahrenheit what must be added
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32 degrees
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When converting from Fahrenheit to celsius what was subtracted
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32 degrees
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What is the formula to convert from Celcius to Fahrenheit
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first multiply by 180F/100C then add 32
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What is the formula to convert from Fahrenheit to Celcius
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subrtract 32 then multiply by 100C/180F
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What is the formula to convert from Celsius to Kelvin
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first multiply by 100K/100C then add 273K
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Define chemical symbols
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One or two letter abbreviations for the names of the elements
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Define chemical properties
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Characteristics that can be observed only when a chemical changes into a new chemical
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Define Physical properties
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Characteristics that can be observed or measured without affecting the identity
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Define Groups of the period table
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The vertical columns on the periodic table, sometimes called families as elements in a group share similar chemical and physical properties
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Group 1A elements are known as
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Alkali Metals
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Group 2A elements are known as
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Alkaline earth metals
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Group 7A are known as
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The halogens
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Group 8A are known as
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The noble gasses
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The horizontal rows in the periodic table are known as
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Periods
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Elements on the left of the Zig-Zag (with the exception of hydrogen) are
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Metals
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Mostly shiny solids that can be shaped into wires or hammered into flat sheets and are good conductors
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Metals
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Elements on the right of the zig-zag
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Nonmetals
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Dull and brittle elements
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Nonmetals
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Elements located along the zig zag
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Metalloids
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Define Metalloids
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Nonmetal elements that exhibit some properties of metals and some of nonmetals
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Define Atom
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The smallest particle of an element that retains the characteristic of that element
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What are the four principles of Atomic Theory
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1. All matter is made up of tiny particles called Atoms
2. All atoms of an element are similar to one another and different from other elements 3. Atoms of two or more different elements combine to form compounds. Each compound is always made up of the same number and kind of atoms. A chemical reaction involves the rearrangement, separation, or combination of atoms. Atoms are neither created or destroyed during a chemical reaction |
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Atoms are composed of
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Subatomic particles
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Which subatomic particles are found within the nucleus of an atom
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Protons and Neutrons
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Which subatomic particles orbit the nucleus of an atom
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Electrons
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Define the Atomic Mass Unit
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1/12th of the mass of the carbon atom with 6 protons and 6 neutrons
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What is the approximate mass of a Proton
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1 amu
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What is the approximate mass of the Neutron
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1 amu
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What is the approximate mass of the Electron
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1.0005 amu
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Which subatomic particle has a positive electrical charge
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Proton
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Which subatomic particle does not have a charge
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Neutron
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Which subatomic particle has a negative charge
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Electron
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Define atomic number
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The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom and is used to identify each element and determines what an element is
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Usually an atom is electrically neutral. What does this mean?
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The number of protons in an atom is equal to the number of electrons
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Define Mass number
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The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
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Define isotopes
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Atoms of the same elements that have a different number of neutrons
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Define isotopic symbol
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Shows the mass number as well as the atomic number for a particular isotope
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Define Atomic Mass
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The average mass of all naturally occuring isotopes of that element
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Which electron shell typically has the lowest energies
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The shells closest to the nucleus
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An e- in an atom has energy because of it's size and shape describes
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the Quantum Mechanical Model
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Define Principal energy/shell
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The different distances from the nucleus related to the periods
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Define subshells
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One or more energy states within the principal shell
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Define orbitals
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The region in space in which an e- is most likely to be found
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Each orbital can hold a max of how many electrons
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2
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define electron configuration
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the arrangement of e- within an atom
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The shapes of subshell orbitals are represented by what four letters
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s, p, d, and f
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How many sublevels does the first level in an atom have
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one - an s sublevel
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How many sublevels does the second energy level in an atom have
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two - an s and p sublevel
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How many sublevels does the third energy level of an atom have
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three - an s, an a, and a p
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How many sublevels does the fourth energy level of an atom have
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four - an s, a p, a d and an f
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What is the order of subshell energies
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s<p<d<f
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How many orbitals does an s sublevel have
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one
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How many orbitals does a p sublevel have
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three
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How many orbitals does a d sublevel have
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five
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How many orbitals does an f sublevel have
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seven
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True or False Orbitals within a given sublevel have the same electron energies
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True
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Define electron spin
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Spin gives electrons magnetic properties and makes it possible for two e- to occupy an orbital
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The "s block" of elements is made up of which groups
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1A and 2A
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The "p block" of elements is made up of which groups
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3A through 8A
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The "d block" is made up of which elements
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Transition metals
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Which elements make up the "f block"
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The inner transition metals
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Define Energy Overlap
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A higher principal energy level has lower energy level than a sublevel of lower principal energy level
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Define Valence Electrons
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the e- in the outer most shells which determines the chemical properties for that element
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Define Main group elements
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elements that occupy the s and p blocks
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Define Noble gasses
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Chemically inactive gasses. With stable electron configuration
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What is the symbol for Silver?
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Ag
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What is the element with the symbol Pb?
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Lead
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Are protons, neutrons, or electrons found inside the nucleus?
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Neutrons and protons are found in the nucleus
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What is the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in 26/14Si?
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P(+)14 N(0) 12 E(-) 14
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What are the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in 56/26Fe?`
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P(+)26 N(0) 30 E(-) 26
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What is the isotope symbol for a carbon atom with 8 neutrons?
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14/6C
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What is the name of the noble gas in period 1?
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Helium
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What is the name of the halogen in period 3?
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Chlorine
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Give the electron configuration of O(8)
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1s2, 2s2, 2p4
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father
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أب
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اباء
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Give the electron configuration of Br(35)
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1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10, 4p5
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Give the electron configuration of Pt (78)
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1s2,2s2,2p6,3s2,3p6,4s2,3d10,4p6,5s2,4d10,5p6,6s2,4f14,5d8
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What is the principal shell electron arrangement for silicon?
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2,8,4
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What is the number of electrons in the outer most shell for Iodine?
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7
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what would be the maximum number of electrons i principal shell 2?
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8
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What would be the maximum number of electrons in the 4f subshell?
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14
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What element has the electron arrangement 1s2, 2s2,2p6,3s2,3p5?
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Chlorine
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Identify the element that has 3 electrons in it's 3p subshell?
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Phosphorous
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What is the expected formula of the compound formed between sodium and chlorine?
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NaCl
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What is the expected formula of the compoud formed between magnesium and chlorine?
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MgCl2
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What is the expected formula of the compound formed between aluminum and sulfur?
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Al2S3
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what is the expected formula between Pb+4 and O-2?
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PbO2
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What is the formula of the compounds containing barium ion and nitride ion?
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Ba3N2
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What is the formula of the compound containing the Cobalt(III) ion and the sulfate ion?
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Co2(SO4)3
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What is the formula of the lead(IV) ion and the oxide ion?
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PbO2
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What is the formula of the gold(I) ion and the phosphate ion?
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Au3PO4
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Name the following: Ag2S
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Silver Sulfide
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Name the followig: K3PO3
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Potassium Phosphite
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Name the following: Pb3N4
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Lead (IV) nitride
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Name the following: Mn(NO3)2
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Manganese(II) nitrate
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Is the following polar or nonpolar: I2
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Nonpolar
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Is the following polar or nonpolar: CS2
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Nonpolar
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Is the following polar or nonpolar: NCl3
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Polar
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Is the following polar or nonpolar: CF4
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Nonpolar
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Is the following polar or nonpolar: H2S
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Polar
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CCl2F2
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Polar
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Balance the following equation:
Zn + O2 ---> ZnO |
2Zn + O2 ---> 2ZnO
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Balance the following equation:
Cr + O2 ---> Cr2O3 |
4Cr +3O2 ----> 2Cr2O3
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Balance the following equation:
KClO3 ----> KCl + O2 |
2KClO3 ----> 2KCl +3O2
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Balance the following equation:
B + F2 ---> BF3 |
2B + 3F2 ---> 2BF3
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Balance the following equation: C3H6 + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O
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2C3H6 + 9O2 ---> 6CO2 +6H2O
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What is the molar mass of an element?
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6.022 x 10^23
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What is the molar mass of a compound?
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The sum of the mass of each of the elements of the compounds
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What is the molar mass of tin?
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118.7g/mol
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What is the molar mass of carbon dioxide?
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44.01g/mol
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What is the molar mass of tin(II) phosphate
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546.1g/mol
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Calculate the mass of 12.5 moles of carbon dioxide
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5.50 x 10^2
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Calculate the number of moles of formula units cotained in 1.00kg of tin(II) phosphate
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1.83 mol Sn3(PO4)2
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How many moles of ammonia can be produced from 8.00 moles of hydrogen gas?
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5.33
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How many grams of O2 are required to react with 22.0g of propane (C2H8) in the following reaction?
C2H8(g) +O2 ---> CO2(g) + H2O(g) |
80.0 gO2
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Hydrogen gas is produced in a reaction between sodium and water. How many grams of hydrogen gas can be produced from reacting 0.25 grams of sodium with excess water?
Na + H2O ---> NaOH + H2 |
0.011 gH2
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A solution is made with 20g Na2SO4 in 200g of solution. what is the m/m%?
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10% m/m
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A solution is made from 25g NaCl and 100g H2O what is the m/m%?
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20% m/m
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A beer is found to have 10ml of alcohol in 200 ml of beer. What is the v/v%?
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5% v/v
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In the equilibrium system
1NH3(g) + 1H2O(l) <==> 1NH4+(aq) + 1OH-(aq) + heat what happens when the pressure of NH3 is increased? |
Equilibrium will shift to the right
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In the equilibrium system
1NH3(g) + 1H2O(l) <==> 1NH4+(aq) + 1OH-(aq) + heat what happens when the system is cooled |
Equilibrium will shift to the left
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What type of electrolyte is represented by the following equation?
1 KBr(s) ===> 1K+(aq) + Br-(aq) |
Decomposition
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What type of electrolyte is represented by the following equation? 1NH3(g) + 1H2O(l) <===> 1NH4+(aq) + 1OH-(aq) + Heat
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Hydration
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What type of electrolyte is represented by the following equation? 1C2H5OH(l) ===> 1C2H5OH(aq)
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?
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How much glucose must be added in order to make 500 ml of 10% m/v glucose solution?
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50 g glucose
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How much of a 15% m/m NaI solution can be prepared from 60g NaI?
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400 g solution
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How much NaHCO3 is needed to make 2.0 liters of a 20% m/v solution?
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4.0 x 10^2 g NaHCO3
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What volume of 1.5 Mole HCl solution is needed to provide 6.0 moles of Hcl?
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4.0L solution
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How many mililiters of a 0.789 Molar acetic acid (hC2H3O2) solution are needed to provide 0.475 mole of acetic acid.
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602 ml Solution
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How many moles of acetic acid are in 602 ml of a 0.789 molar acetic acid solution?
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0.475 mol acetic acid
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How many grams of KCl would you need to prepare 0.250 L of a 2.00 molarity KCl solution?
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37.3g KCl
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How many mililiters of 12 Molarity NH3 are neded to prepare 75mL of 1.0 molarity NH3 by dilution?
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6.25mL
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A NaCl solution is 2.00 Molarity. Fid the molarity when a 10.0 mL sample is diluted with water to a volume of 40.0 mL
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0.500 Molarity
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What is the primary difference between solutions, colloids, and suspension?
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The size and solubility of the particles
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Is osmosis which net direction does water travel through a semi permeable membrane?
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From the area of low concentration to the area of high concentration
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What is reverse osmosis and how does it occur?
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Water moving across the membrane against the concentration gradient through the use of pressure.
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What would happen to a blood cell if it was subjected to a solution low in solute particle concentration?
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The cell will shrivel and dehydrate
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What would happen to a blood cell if it was subjected to a solution high in solute particle concentration?
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The cell will swell and burst (lyse)
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What is an acid?
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An acid is a proton donator
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What is a base?
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A base is a proton acceptor
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Name NO3-
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Nitrate
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Name HNO3-
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Nitric acid
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Name HCl(g)
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Hydrogen Chloride
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name HCL(aq)-
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Hydrochloric acid
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Name KOH
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Potassium hydroxide
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Does Water act as an acid or base?
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It can act as either
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Identify the acid and base on both sides and conjugate base pairs
HC2H3O2 + H2O <==> C2H3O2- + H3O+ |
HC2H3O2 and H3O+ are acids
H2O and C2H3O2 are the bases HC2H3O2 and C2H3O2 are a conjugate acid base pair H2O and H3O are a conjugate acid base pair |
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Does the following reaction represent a strong acid or a weak acid?
HClO2(aq) <==> H3O+(aq) + ClO2-(aq) |
Weak acid
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Name 7 strong acids
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HI, HBr, HClO4, HCl, HClO3, H2SO4, HNO3
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Name 5 strong bases
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NaOH, KOH, LiOH, RbOH, CsOH
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Is 12.0 molarity NH3 solution a strong or weak base solution?
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weak base
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Is sodium hydroxide a strong or weak base?
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Strong base
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Is phosphoric acid a strong or weak acid?
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weak acid
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If the [OH-] in a solution is 4.5 x 10^-4 Molarity, then what is the [H3O+] and is this an acidic or basic solution?
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4.5 x 10^-11 Basic
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What is the pH of a solution with [H3O+] = 1.0 x 10^-3 molarity and is it acidic basic or neutral?
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3 acidic
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What is the pH of a solution having [OH-} = 4.5 x 10^-4 molarity and is this an acidic or basic solution?
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10.66 basic
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What is the conjugate base of HClO2
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ClO2
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What is the conjugate acid of NH3?
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NH4
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What is the conjugate base of H2O?
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OH
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What is the conjugate acid of H2O?
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H3O
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Are most acids strong or weak?
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Weak
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Does having a concentrated acid make it a strong acid?
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No it doesn't affect the strength
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What strength of base is illustrated by the following:
NH3(g) + H2O <==> NH4+(aq) + OH- |
weak
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Are most strong bases ionic or molecular?
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Ionic (completely dissociate in water)
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What does the water constant Kw represent and what is it's numerical value?
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It represents equilibrium in water and the value is 1.0 x 10^-14
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What is a neutral solution?
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A solution with a pH of 7
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what is an acid solution?
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A solution with a pH less than 7
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What is a basic solution?
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A solution with a pH greater than 7
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Balance the following neutralization reaction:
H2SO4 + NaOH ==> Na (SO4) + H2) |
1H2SO4 +2 NaOH ==>1 Na2(SO4)1 +2 H2O
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Balance the following neutralization reaction:
H3PO3 + Ca(OH)2 ==> ca (PO3) + H2O |
2H3PO3 + 3Ca(OH)2 ==> 1Ca3 (PO3)2 +6 H2O
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What is the predominant type of bonding in organic compounds?
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Polar bonds
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How many bonds does every carbon have?
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Four
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What is the formula of pentane?
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C5H12
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What is the formula of cyclopentane?
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C5H10
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Show the combustion of pentane
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C5H12 +8 O2 --> 5 CO2 + 6H2O
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How many carbons does 3-ethylpentane have?
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7
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What is the formula of 3-
ethylpentane? |
C7H16
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Are the following isomers, the same or neither; 2-methylpentane and 3-methylpentane
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isomers
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Are the following isomers, the same or neither; 3-methylpentane and 2,2,3-trimethylbutane
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neither
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Are the following isomers, the same or neither; 3-methylhexane and 3,3-dimethylpentante
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isomers
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Are the following isomers, the same or neither; 3-ethylhexane and 2,2,3-trimethylpentante
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isomers
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Which has greater solubility in water?
hexane or 1-chlorohexane |
1- chlorohexane
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Which has greater solubility in water?
1-propanol or ethanol |
ethanol
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Which has greater solubility in water?
ethanol or ethene |
ethanol
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Which has greater solubility in water?
methoxymethane or 2-propanol |
methoxymethane
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What is the functional group of amines?
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-NH2
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Can an amine group be attached to more than one carbon?
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No
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What is the functional group of an amide
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-NH2 and double bonded O
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Which are more soluble in water, 1st degree, 2nd degree or 3rd degree amines?
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1st degree
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How are amides formed
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Amides are formed from a carboxylic acid and an amine
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How are amides related to carboxylic acids?
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They share the functional group of a double bonded O
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what are the products of the acid hydrolysis of amides?
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Carboxylic acid and an amine
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What are the products of base hydrolysis of amides
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Carboxylic acid and the salt of the amine
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What are carbohydrates made of?
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carbon hydrogen and oxygen
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What combines CO2 and H2O to form the carbohydrate glucose?
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The sun in photosynthesis
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The simplest carbohydrates are
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Monosachharides
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Two monosaccharide units joined together are
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Disaccharides
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Carbohydrates consistst on many monosaccharide units are
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Polysaccharides
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Simple sugars with unbranched chains of three to eight carbons, one of which has a carbonyl group and the rest have hydroxyl groups are
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Monosaccharides
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The 1st classification of monosaccharides is
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by the enantiomer - the chiral carbon furthest from the carbonyl using the Fischer projection
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When the hydroxyl is on the left it is a
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L-isomoer
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When the hydroxyl group is on the right it is a
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D-isomer
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The 2nd classification of a moosacchardie is
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by carbonyl
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when a carbonyl is on the first carbon of a monosaccharide it is
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an aldose
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When a carbonyl is on the second carbon of a monosaccharide it is
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a ketone
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The 3rd classification of a monosaccharide is
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by the number of carbons
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A monosaccharide with three carbons is
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a triose
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A monosaccharide with four carbons is
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a tetrose
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Which group in a monosaccharide is not chiral
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The bottom carbon (because it doesn't have four different groups bonded to it)
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What exists as a ring structure formed
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Monosaccharides
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How are the ring structures in monosaccharides formed?
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When a carboyl group and a hydroxyl group in the same molecule react
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What does an anomer indicate?
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Alpha or beta of a monosaccharide ring
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When the -OH group in an anomer is in the down position it is
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Alpha
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When the -OH group in an anomer is in the up position it is
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Beta
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The three most common disaccharides are
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maltose lactose and sucrose
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The hydrolysis of disaccharides yields
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moosaccharides
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The hydrolysis of maltose yields
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2 glucose
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The hydrolysis of lactose yields
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1 glucose and 1 galactose
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The hydrolysis of sucrose yields
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1 glucose and 1 fructose
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A storage form of glucose in plants, found as insoluble granules
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Starch
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A polymer of glucose stored in the liver and muscles of animals. Hydrolyzed in cells ata rate that maintains blood level of glucose and provides energy between meals
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Glycogen (animal starch)
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The major structural material of wood and plants. formed of glucose molecules in a long unbranched chain
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Cellulose
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A family of nonpolar biomolecules that are soluble in organic (nonpolar) solvents but not in water
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Lipids
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The simplest type of lipids also found as components of more complex lipids
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Fatty acids
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Long carbon chain (12 to 18) carboxylic acids are
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fatty acids
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Fatty acids that contain only single bods between carbons are said to be
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Saturated
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Fatty acids that have one double bond between carbons are
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monounsaturated
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Fatty acids that have two or more double bonds between carbons are
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polyunsaturated
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Esters of a saturated fatty acid ad a long chain alcohol are
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Waxes
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fatty acids stored in the body as fats and oils; triesters of glycerol and fatty acids
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triacylglycerols (triglycerides)
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A triacylglycerol that is solid at room temperature
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fat
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A triacylglycerol that is liquid at room temperature
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oil
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True or false: saturated fatty acids have higher melting points than unsaturated fatty acids because they pack more tightly together
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True
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True or false: vegetable oils usually contain more saturated fatty acids than animal fats
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False
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The addition of hydrogen to an unsaturated fat to make it saturated
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Hydrogenation
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The products of hydrolysis of ester bonds of triaclyglycerols are
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glycerol and three fatty acids
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When a fat is heated with a strong base - the fat gives glycerol and the salts of the fatty acids which are soaps
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saponification
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the forward reaction that forms glucose is
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Photosynthesis
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The reverse reaction of synthesis is
|
respiration
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A family of lipids similar to triacylglcerols with one fatty acid replaced by a phosphate group reacted with an amino alcohol
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Glycerophospholipids (phospholipids)
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family of lipids which contain both polar and nonpolar regions
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phospholipids
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Compounds that contain the steroid nucleus
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steroid
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the steroid nucleus consists of
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thre cyclohexane ring and one cyclopentane ring fused together
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the most important and abundant steroids in the body
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cholesterol
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Hormones closely related in structure to cholesterol which depend on cholesterol for their synthesis
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steroid hormones
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water loving is
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Hydrophilic
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Water hating is
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hydrophobic
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The tails of phospholipids are
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Nonpolar/hydrophobic
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the heads of phospholipids are
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Polar/hydrophylic
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two rows of phospholipids in the cell membrane are called
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the lipid bilayer
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Proteins that provide structural components are classified as
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Structural
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Proteins responsible for the movement of muscles are classified as
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contractile
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Proteins that carry essential substances throughout the body are classified as
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transport
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Proteins that store nutrients are classified as
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storage
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Proteins that regulate the body metabolism and nervous system are classified as
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Hormones
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Proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions in cells are classified as
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enzymes
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Proteins that recognize and destroy foreign substances are classified as
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Protection
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Amino acids consist of two components which are
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an amino group and a carboxyl group
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The dipolar form of an amino acid is called
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a zwitterion
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Zwitterions are formed at what pH
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The pH of bodily fluids
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Amino acids that contain an alkyl or aromatic side chain are
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nonpolar
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Amino acids that contain side chains with polar groups are
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Polar
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Amino acids taht have side chains containing a carboxyl group are
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acidic
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Amino acids containing an amine group are
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basic
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|
the only amino acid that is not chiral is
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Glycine
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In biological systems the amino acids that are incorporated into protiens are
|
L amino acids
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The pH at which zwitterions form is known as
|
the isoelectric point (pI)
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When the pH is differet from the isoelectric point (pI) what occurs
|
the zitterion accepts or donates H+ and takes on a charge
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When the pH and PI of an acidic acid are different the zwitterion
|
accepts H+ ad becomes positively charged
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When the pH and pI if a basic solution are different the zwitterion
|
donates H+ and becomes negatively charged
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An amide bond that forms when a carboxyl group of one amino acid reacts with the amine group of the next amino acid what forms
|
a peptide bond
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What are the most abundant lipids in cell membranes?
|
Phospholipids
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|
what is the primary structure of proteins?
|
The order of the amino acids in the chains
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What is the secondary structure of a protein
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The way amino acids are arranged in space
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Corkscrew shape of an alpha helix held in place by hydrogen bonds between each N-H group and the C=O group in the next turn of the helix, four amino acids down the chain
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The alpha helix
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|
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Polypepitde chains held together side by side by hydrogen bonds between the peptide chains
|
Beta Pleated sheet
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|
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Three polypeptides woven together like a braid
|
Triple helix
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|
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Structures of a protein involving interactions between the side groups of the amino acids. Segments of the chain twist and bend until the protein acquires a specific three-dimensional shape
|
Tertiary structures
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|
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|
What types of cross links occur in the tertiary structures of proteins?
|
Hydrophobic, hydrophyllic, salt bridges, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds
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Hydrophobic cross links in tertiary structures of protein occur where?
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between nonpolar side group in the interior of the protein
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Hydrophyllic cross links in tertiary structures of protein occur where?
|
Between external acqueous environment and amino acids that have polar or ionized side group
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Ionic bonds between side groups of basic and acidic amino acids in proteins which have positive and negative charges are
|
salt bridges
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|
In proteins, what type of bond forms between polar amino acids?
|
Hydrogen bonds
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|
|
|
In proteins, covalent bonds that form between the -SH groups of cysteins
|
Disulfide bonds
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|
|
|
A biologically active protein consisting of two or more tertiary subunits is called a
|
Quaternary structure
|
|
|
|
A disruption of any of the bonds that stabilize the secondary, tertiary, or quaternary structures in a protein is
|
Deaturation
|
|
|
|
A protein is no longer biologically active when
|
It loses it's overall shape
|
|
|
|
Denaturing agents include:
|
Heat, organic compounds, acids, bases, and mechanical agitation
|
|
|
|
The catalyst of nearly all chemical reactions in the body are
|
Enzymes
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|
|
|
True or false: an enzyme increases the rate of the reaction by changing the way the reaction takes place, but is itself not changed at the time of the reaction
|
True
|
|
|
|
An enzyme with a unique three-dimensional shape that recognizes and binds a small group of reactants is known as a
|
substrate
|
|
|
|
Region where the enzyme binds the substrates and catalyzes the reaction
|
the active site
|
|
|
|
In this model the active site has a rigid, nonflexible shape
|
Lock and key
|
|
|
|
In this model the active site adjusts to fit the shape of the substrate
|
Induced fit
|
|
|
|
The substrate within the active site forms
|
an enzyme substrate complex
|
|
